Love Affair
original film poster
Directed byLeo McCarey
Screenplay by
Story by
Produced byLeo McCarey
Starring
CinematographyRudolph Maté
Edited by
Music byRoy Webb
Production
company
Distributed byRKO Radio Pictures
Release date
  • April 7, 1939 (1939-04-07)
Running time
87 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$860,000[1]
Box office$1.8 million[1]

Love Affair is a 1939 American romance film, co-starring Charles Boyer and Irene Dunne, and featuring Maria Ouspenskaya. It was directed by Leo McCarey and written by Delmer Daves and Donald Ogden Stewart, based on a story by McCarey and Mildred Cram.[2] Controversial on concept, the official screenplay was re-tooled and rewritten to appease Hollywood censorship and relied on actor input and improvisation, causing long delays and budget extensions.

The movie became a surprise hit of 1939, showing McCarey's versatility after a long career of comedic films, and launching the surprising team-up of Dunne and Boyer. Academy Award nominations include Best Actress for Dunne, Best Supporting Actress for Ouspenskaya, Best Original Song, Best Writing (Original), and Best Picture. Its popularity was later dwarfed by McCarey's 1957 remake An Affair to Remember, which spawned its own remakes with 1994's Love Affair and a few Indian adaptations.

Plot

One December, French painter (and famed womanizer) Michel Marnet (Charles Boyer) meets American singer Terry McKay (Irene Dunne) aboard a liner crossing the Atlantic Ocean. They are both already engaged, he to heiress Lois Clarke (Astrid Allwyn), she to Kenneth Bradley (Lee Bowman). They begin to flirt and to dine together on the ship, but his worldwide reputation makes them conscious that others are watching. Eventually, they decide that they should dine separately and not associate with each other. At a stop at Madeira, they visit Michel's grandmother Janou (Maria Ouspenskaya), who bonds with Terry and admits wanting Michel to settle down.

As the ship is ready to disembark at New York City, the two make an appointment to meet in the new year, six months later on top of the Empire State Building, giving Michel enough time to decide whether he can start making enough money to support a relationship with Terry. His paintings fail to sell so he finds work designing advertising billboards around the city, while Terry breaks off her engagement to Kenneth and successfully negotiates a contract with a Philadelphian nightclub to perform through to June.

When the rendezvous date arrives, they both head to the Empire State Building. However, Terry is struck by a car on a nearby street, and is told by doctors she may be paralyzed for the rest of her life, though that will not be known for certain for six months. Not wanting to be a burden to Michel, she does not contact him, preferring to let him think the worst. Meanwhile, Michel, who waited until closing time, travels to Madeira to discover his grandmother has recently died, and continues working in New York City; Terry is overheard singing in the garden of her physiotherapy by the owner of a children's orphanage, who hires her as a music teacher.

Six months pass by, and during Terry's first outing since the accident, she and Michel meet by accident at a theater on Christmas Eve, though Terry manages to conceal her disability. The next morning on Christmas Day, after the children visit Terry at her apartment, Michel makes a surprise visit. Here, he finally learns the truth about Terry's condition. Terry, delighted Michel proved he had changed his ways despite circumstances, tells him it is her turn to prove she could change hers, but Michel assures her that they will be together no matter what the diagnosis may be.

Cast

Other uncredited actors include Joan Leslie, Oscar O'Shea, Lloyd Ingraham, Bess Flowers and Harold Miller (as couple on liner), Phyllis Kennedy, and Gerald Mohr.[4]

Development

Despite the popularity of his romantic and screwball comedies, Leo McCarey had become tired of directing them.[5] His wife suggested they should go on a cruising vacation around Europe to combat his writer's block, and when they returned to the United States, they watched the Statue of Liberty pass. McCarey immediately told her his idea about two passengers who fall in love on a cruise, but realize they are both "obligated to somebody else."[6] With the premise created, Mildred Cram co-developed the rest of the story under the working title Memory of Love,[Note 1] then later Love Match,[9][10] as Delmer Daves created the screenplay and Donald Ogden Stewart helped McCarey with the comedy.[11][12] James Anderson stood as assistant director,[4] Edward Dmytryk and George Hively were the movie's editors, and Roy Webb composed the film score.[13] Filming took place in the fall of 1938.[14] The rough cut was screened in January 1939.[15]

Actresses such as Helen Hayes and Greta Garbo developed interest in starring, but the McCarey couple preferred Irene Dunne, who had previously appeared in McCarey's The Awful Truth and was a close family friend;[16] Terry's occupation as nightclub singer intended to display Dunne's singing talents.[17] Charles Boyer's reputation as a romantic actor (from starring in History is Made at Night and Algiers) made him McCarey's first choice.[16] Concurrently, Boyer rejected Harry Cohn's offer of the leading role in Good Girls Go to Paris to do Love Affair, instead.[18] He and McCarey were acquaintances and Boyer believed McCarey was an underestimated director,[19] so he canceled many acting plans for the rest of 1938 to work with McCarey and Dunne.[14] "Any picture that Leo McCarey directs is its own guarantee[;] he can't make a bad picture," he later explained.[20]

Irene Dunne later noted that the dialog changed frequently, and the cast received pieces of paper between filming; McCarey's common directing tactic of improvisation also continued throughout.[21] Both he and Boyer were unimpressed with the final draft, despite Boyer being used to memorizing his dialog very quickly.[22] News columnists visiting the set observed the actors waiting around for their dialog as scenes would be rewritten moments before shooting:[23] "'I've been here doing nothing since 8 o'clock this morning,' [Boyer tells] me (it is now 4 in the afternoon)," reported Sheilah Graham.[24] Delays and rewrites caused the film to go over its budget of $800,000 by about $600,000.[25]

McCarey reused and retooled the line "According to you, everything I like to do is either illegal, immoral or fattening," from his 1934 movie Six of a Kind, and gave it to Terry;[26] W. C. Fields (who ad-libbed the retort in the original film) approved but critics hated the reference, McCarey later revealed.[27] Boyer was allowed input in Michel's characterization; he suggested that Michel visiting his grandmother should have a prominent appearance so Terry's accident would not create a tonal shift.[12] The champagne industry used the film to promote pink champagne to the audience, which caused a sales boost.[28]

McCarey gave Dunne the opportunity to choose the signature song for the movie: she decided upon "Wishing",[16] which became one of the most popular songs of 1939;[15] the orphans were dubbed by Robert Mitchell's Boys Choir.[15] Other songs performed are "Sing My Heart" and "Plaisir d'Amour", performed by Terry in a Philadelphian night-club and at Michel's grandmother's home, respectively.[29]

Maria Ouspenskaya described working on the film as "an atmosphere of work that is inspirational. [...] Actor, electricians, and cameramen loved their work and did not want to break away from that atmosphere."[30] Boyer would later praise McCarey's filmmaking for the movie's success; he was described in an interview years later as "still speak[ing] of Mr. McCarey with sincere awe."[31]

Controversy

The initial screenplay was rejected by the Production Code Administration, accusing the story of endorsing adultery.[32] Another related argument believed Terry had not been punished for her kept behavior, while Michel had been given redemption, so this led to Terry's paralysis.[33] "You dissolved to her in a hospital with her realizing that God hadn't wanted her to meet [Michel] until she was sorry for what she had done before," explained Donald Ogden Stewart.[34]

Initially a period piece set in the 1850s about the tragic romance of a French ambassador,[35][25] the final draft of the script was complete and filming was announced to begin September 15,[36] but it was later pushed back a month.[37] Due to concerns of a potential war in Europe, the French embassy wanted stronger allyship with the United States and had concerns about a movie about a French diplomat and an American woman having an affair.[25][35] McCarey and Daves reworked the story as a modern tale,[35] with Terry's characterization now based on a woman Daves met on a cruise who was rumored to be returning to the United States after hiding in Europe for being caught as the mistress of a small-town government official.[35]

Release

Film Daily reported that Love Affair's release had the potential to be premiered in late January or early February 1939 at Radio City Music Hall;[38] later issues would give the initial release date as February 17 and March 10.[39][Note 2] The film premiered March 16 at the Music Hall with a pink champagne-themed cocktail party for Dunne, emceed by W. G. Van Schmus; McCarey was on vacation in Santa Monica and could not attend.[41]

Reception

Love Affair

The praise for Love Affair among film critics was reflected in Clark Wales' quip: "Recommending a Leo McCarey production is something like recommending a million dollars or beauty or a long and happy life. Any of these is a very fine thing to have and the only trouble is that there are not enough of them."[42] Liberty magazine wrote "a pleasant little seriocomedy,"[43] New York World-Telegram called the film "the most absorbing and delightful entertainment of its kind [in] a long time"[44] and New York Daily News called the film "tender, poignant [and] sentimental without being gooey".[45] "Put this one down among the contenders of the Academy Awards of 1939," declared Associated Press, "and [one] of the most satisfactory movie endings."[46]

"The screenplay is an exceptionally intelligent effort," wrote the Box Office Digest, "[and] McCarey's skill in handling individual scenes with the old [Hal] Roach technique carries through this tough spot and on to a grand climax,"[47] but the review added: "It must be unfortunately recorded that there is a let down in interest for a half reel when [Michel and Terry] are separated."[47] Meanwhile, The Charlotte Observer found the movie refreshing, describing it as "outdoing" other romances that are "slap-happy wherein boy spanks girl or shoves her into the fish pond by way of displaying his affections."[48] Pare Lorentz described the film as "a mood, rather than a story" as McCarey effortlessly balanced the conflicting tones of comedy and melodrama, "[keeping] it alive by expert interpolations."[49] Stage also praised the direction: "McCarey is the man responsible for shifting, with no detectable trickery, from the brittle comedy of the early sequences to the genuine emotionalism of the later. It is superior entertainment all the way through."[50]

On characterization, The New York Times remarked on "the facility with which [Boyer and Dunne] have matched the changes of their script—playing it lightly now, soberly next, but always credibly, always in character, always with a superb utilization of the material at hand."[51] Leo Mishkin added: "Certainly, this Terry McKay of Miss Dunne's is one of the greatest things she has ever done on the screen[.]"[52] Variety described Boyer's performance of Michel as "a particularly effective presentation of the modern Casanova;"[53] "Under no circumstances miss it," said Jesse Zunser, "Mr. Boyer proves beyond the shadow of a cinematic doubt that there are few better players on the American dream[.]"[54] Box Office Digest wrote, "[Boyer and Dunne have] never done more delightful work, and to say that they step along in stride — step for step, is a tribute to either one in red hot competition."[47] The Film Daily described the performances as "gorgeously acted" and "stand[s] out as the best of many months",[55] and Photoplay remarked that Maria Ouspenskaya's "extraordinary" performance "stole" the scenes in Madeira.[56] The only notable criticism of characters came from Dunne herself, who told Silver Screen years later: "If I had been in that girl's place, far from hiding, I would've trundled my wheelchair up and down the sidewalks of New York looking for [Michel]."[57]

Love Affair was RKO Pictures' second-most popular film, after Gunga Din.[58][35] It was colloquially classified as "Mature."[59][60][61]

Legacy

Years after its release, Love Affair would continue to receive high praise. Tom Flannery's filmography book 1939: The Year in Movies wrote that Dunne and Boyer "generated [the most] chemistry, charisma [and] sensuality" in Hollywood, despite 1939 producing the best couples in "Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh [in Gone with the Wind], Laurence Olivier and Merle Oberon [in Wuthering Heights], Leslie Howard and Ingrid Bergman [in Intermezzo]."[62] William K. Everson joined the critics of the past that praised McCarey balancing the comedy and drama perfectly, and noted Terry saying goodbye to Grandma Janou was realistically "tender and poignant[;] such moments all too rarely are in film."[63] Rotten Tomatoes gave it a critics' score of 86% based on 7 reviews,[64] and Metacritic gave it a critics' score of 91 on 8 reviews.[65]

However, the release of its remake, An Affair to Remember, spawned comparisons. An Affair to Remember became better-known in popular culture, later placed at number 5 on AFI's 100 Passions list,[66] and was frequently parodied, referenced, and alluded to in other media, causing Love Affair to become lost in time.[Note 3] Screenwriter Nora Ephron, first introduced to the movie when she was a child,[68] referenced it heavily in Sleepless in Seattle,[69][70] allegedly causing rentals of the film to increase.[citation needed] Irene Dunne and Deborah Kerr's Terry performances did not receive as much comparison as Charles Boyer's Michel and Cary Grant's Nicky, whose characters divided critics and analysts per review. Larry Swindell called Boyer's portrayal/performance chaste which overshadows the dialog's frequent references to Michel's womanizing,[12] whereas Megan McGurk argued Grant was too self-conscious and refused to make Nicky appropriately vulnerable, particularly in Nicky and Terry's reunion.[71]

Boyer and Dunne

Dunne and Boyer's essays listed in Photoplay's October issue's contents' page.

The partnership of Charles Boyer and Irene Dunne would be called the most romantic in Hollywood.[72] With a positive reaction to the pairing, Hollywood developed them as the newest team-up,[73] so the duo starred together twice more in When Tomorrow Comes (1939) and Together Again (1944). Critics judged the rest of the "trilogy" with the praised qualities of Love Affair, with When Tomorrow Comes receiving the least positive reception.[29][74][75]

The two actors remained family friends after performing together.[16] To promote When Tomorrow Comes, they were asked by Photoplay to describe each other in the style of a parlor game where a player who briefly left the room guesses the secret noun other contestants chose by asking questions like "If I were that person, what kind of car would I be?"[76] Their essays appeared in the October issue under the names "Irene: As Seen by Charles Boyer"[77] and "Charles: As Seen by Irene Dunne"[78] with the editor noting: "Surely, working together as they do and have done, and being analytical, intelligent people, each would give a clear-limned portrait of the other; unbiased, colorful, exciting."[76] Boyer described Dunne in prose,[79] while Dunne described Boyer under topical subtitles, but Wes D. Gehring pointed out both essays' frequent references to fine art, as well as Dunne personifying Boyer through French impressionism.[80]

Dunne called Boyer one of her favorite screen partners, along with Cary Grant, and referred to him as the "perfect gentleman" at the American Film Institute's retrospective screening.[29]

Film remakes and adaptations

Lux Radio Theatre aired two versions of Love Affair radio adaptations on April 1, 1940[81] and July 6, 1942.[82] Irene Dunne reprised her role in both,[83] whereas Charles Boyer co-starred in the 1942 version; William Powell starred alongside Dunne in the 1940 version.[83]

Plans for a Love Affair remake were first reported in 1952, which had Fernando Lamas and Arlene Dahl attached to the project.[84] Eventually, McCarey remade it in 1957 as An Affair to Remember[Note 4] with Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr in the lead roles, using a very similar screenplay.[86] Despite agreeing to remake it in response to Hollywood's current romantic offerings, McCarey would still prefer his original work.[87] Glenn Gordon Caron also remade the film in 1994 as Love Affair,[Note 5] starring Warren Beatty, Annette Bening, and in her last feature film, Katharine Hepburn.[90][91] Bollywood cinema made two versions: 1965's Bheegi Raat[citation needed] and 1999's Mann,[92] which were both adaptations of An Affair to Remember.

Accolades

12th Academy Awards

Award Nominee Outcome[93]
Outstanding Production RKO Radio Nominated
Best Actress Irene Dunne Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Maria Ouspenskaya Nominated
Best Writing (Original Story) Mildred Cram, Leo McCarey Nominated
Best Art Direction Van Nest Polglase, Al Herman Nominated
Best Original Song "Wishing," music and lyrics by Buddy DeSylva[53] Nominated

Availability

In 1967, the film entered the public domain in the United States because the claimants did not renew its copyright registration in the 28th year after publication.[94] Because of this, the film is widely available on home video and online. The film can be downloaded legally for free on the Internet Archive. However, since the only film prints available were in lower-resolution 16mm (along with poor quality web video) in 2020 the Museum of Modern Art and Lobster Films (Paris) worked on a new 4K version created from film elements that MoMA had in its archives.[95][additional citation(s) needed]

The Criterion Collection released this newly restored version on Blu-ray and DVD in February 2022.[95][96]

Notes

  1. ^ RKO bought the filming rights of a novel of the same name by Bessie Breuer to use the title, but then decided they would prefer using Breuer's story for a potential movie starring Claudette Colbert.[7] It would later be adapted as In Name Only.[8]
  2. ^ Film Daily marked the March 10 date as a pre-release.[40]
  3. ^ Love Affair came back into circulation after 1975, when Filmex wanted to broadcast it at Irene Dunne's film tribute and paid for a negative to be removed from the Museum of Modern Art's print.[67]
  4. ^ Initially intended to have the same name as the predecessor, An Affair to Remember was produced under 20th Century Fox and could not have the title because Columbia Pictures owned the title's copyright.[85]
  5. ^ The media reported it as a remake of An Affair to Remember, however.[88][89][90]

References

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  2. ^ "Love Affair 1939". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  3. ^ Heffernan, Harold (April 19, 1939). "Long forgotten actress given second chance". Calgary Herald. Calgary, Alberta. p. 10.
  4. ^ a b Schultz, Margie (1991). Irene Dunne : a bio-bibliography. New York: Greenwood Press. p. 92. ISBN 9780313273995.
  5. ^ Creelman, Eileen (November 3, 1937). "Leo McCarey Tells of Directing Irene Dunne in a New Comedy "The Awful Truth"". New York Sun. However the public may feel about charmingly insane people on screen, Leo McCarey is fed up with them.
  6. ^ Bogdanovich, Peter (1997). Who the Devil Made It: Conversations with Legendary Film Directors. New York: Bellantine Books. pp. 417–418.
  7. ^ Graham, Sheilah (August 18, 1938). "Clipped From The Atlanta Constitution". The Atlanta Constitution. p. 18.
  8. ^ Nugent, Frank S. (2015). "[In Name Only review]". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015. Based on Memory of Love, a novel by Bessie Breuer, In Name Only is soap opera par excellence, blessed with a peerless cast.
  9. ^ "In the Cutting Room". Motion Picture Herald. Quigley Publishing Co. November 5, 1938. p. 27.
  10. ^ "The Hollywood Scene". Motion Picture Herald. Quigley Publishing Co. October 8, 1938. p. 31.
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  27. ^ Curtis, James (2004). W.C. Fields: A Biography. New York: Watson-Guptill. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0823084425.
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  30. ^ Crewe, Regina (March 19, 1939). "Mme Ouspenskaya, back from Coast, Offers Helping Hand to Fledglings". New York Journal.
  31. ^ O'Liam, Dugal (March 1943). "Boyer's Double Life!". Screenland. Vol. XLVI, no. 5. Screenland Magazine, inc. p. 88.
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  42. ^ Clark Wales (March 1939). "Love Affair review". Detroit Free Press: Screen and Radio Weekly. p. 5.
  43. ^ "[Love Affair review]". Liberty. February 25, 1939. p. 55.
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  46. ^ "[advertizing spread]". The Film Daily. March 14, 1939. pp. 8–9.
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  48. ^ "Honest Love is New Trend". The Charlotte Observer. February 5, 1939. p. 4.
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  52. ^ Mishkin, Leo (March 18, 1939). "Love Affair a Music Hall Winner; Irene Dunne, Charles Boyer Superb". The New York Telegraph. p. 2.
  53. ^ a b "Love Affair (with Songs)". Variety. March 15, 1939. p. 16.
  54. ^ Zunser, Jesse (March 18, 1939). "[Love Affair review]". Cue. p. 44.
  55. ^ "Love Affair with Charles Boyer and Irene Dunne". The Film Daily. March 13, 1939. p. 10.
  56. ^ "[Love Affair review]". Photoplay. June 1939.
  57. ^ Faith Service (1944). "My Screen Selves and I". Silver Screen. No. August 1944. pp. 60–61.
  58. ^ "RADIO'S "LOVE AFFAIR" HITS AT BOX OFFICE; PARAMOUNT'S "MIDNIGHT" IN SECOND SPOT". Box Office Digest. Vol. 9, no. 9. April 3, 1939. p. 5.
  59. ^ "[Love Affair review]". National Legion of Decency. March 23, 1939. Adults.
  60. ^ "[untitled]". Christian Century. April 5, 1939. p. 462. A: very good; Y & C: no.
  61. ^ "[Fox West Coast Bulletin review]". General Federation of Women's Clubs. April 1, 1939. Material so deftly and delicately handled that the picture will be greatly enjoyed by young people as well as adults.
  62. ^ Flannery (1990), p. 129.
  63. ^ Everson, William K. (1979). Love in the Film. Secaucus, New Jersey: Citadel Press. pp. 151–154.
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  70. ^ Simon, John (2005). John Simon on Film: Criticism 1982-2001. Applause Books. p. 381. [Sleepless in Seattle] is a collection of nauseating quotations and references to An Affair to Remember, both visual and verbal[.]
  71. ^ McGurk, Megan (June 24, 2017). "Charles Boyer, Eyes Wide Open in Love Affair (1939)". Sass Mouth Dames. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Aggrieved and bitter, Grant's crabby demeanour casts a gloomy lover's reunion. He's sarcastic with those little huh-huh-huh exhalations that call the lady out as a liar, one who's not to be trusted. The old 'will he slap or kiss her?' tone from a spurned lover holds limited appeal in a woman's picture.
  72. ^ Parsons, Louella O. (August 11, 1939). "Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer Engaging in Romantic Film, "When Tomorrow Comes"". Los Angeles Examiner. I don't know any more romantic pair on the screen than Irene Dunne and Charles Boyer.
  73. ^ Swindell (1983), p. 147.
  74. ^ "What's What in the Movies: A Big Week As Women Fans Promised in Coming Movies". The Kansas City Times. September 28, 1939. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com. [When Tomorrow Comes] does not have as much comedy in it as when Miss Dunne and Mr. Boyer presented last season when they co-starred in Love Affair.
  75. ^ "Fantasies Omitted". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. September 21, 1939. There is something missing in When Tomorrow Comes [...] Indeed, [director John M. Stahl] has woven together the elements for a romance that is as near to actuality and as far from affection as that of the Love Affair starring effort [...] There isn't the sparkling wit of Love Affair...
  76. ^ a b Photoplay (1939), p. 24.
  77. ^ Irene by Charles Boyer (1939), p. 24
  78. ^ Charles by Irene Dunne (1939), p. 25.
  79. ^ Irene by Charles Boyer (1939), p. 24: "Suppose we imagine a gracious house, designed by a master architect. It would sit atop a hill, and it would be beautifully furnished. Of course, the best room would be the music room, a cool place with great windows opening on a garden. Great music, and the best of good swing, and things by Gershwin would sound there always. The acoustics would be perfect. Guests in this house would be relaxed and happy but they would have to mind their manners. Irene Dunne is like that."
  80. ^ Gehring (2003), p. 104.
  81. ^ "Love Affair". The Lux Radio Theatre. Episode 257. April 1, 1940. CBS Radio.
  82. ^ "Love Affair". The Lux Radio Theatre. Episode 359. July 6, 1942. CBS Radio.
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  85. ^ "An Affair to Remember - Notes". Turner Classic Movies.
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  88. ^ Thompson, Gary (October 21, 1994). "Beatty can act anything but his age". To succeed, he'll have to do better than "Love Affair," a through-the-motions remake of "An Affair to Remember."
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  91. ^ "Love Affair 1994". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved May 22, 2016.
  92. ^ Verma, Suparn. "Easy on the eye". imsports.rediff.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2020. Mann starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala is a remake of An Affair To Remember, the 1957 hit starring Cary Grant and Deborah Kerr.
  93. ^ "The 12th Academy Awards | 1940". Oscars.org | Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on April 26, 2018.
  94. ^ Pierce, David (June 2007). "Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain". Film History: An International Journal. 19 (2): 125–43. doi:10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125. ISSN 0892-2160. JSTOR 25165419. OCLC 15122313. S2CID 191633078.
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  96. ^ "Best of Criterion's New Releases: February 2022". Paste. March 4, 2022. Archived from the original on June 1, 2023. Retrieved July 20, 2023.

Bibliography

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Films directed by Leo McCarey
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