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((Short description|Landform in Arizona and California))
((More citations needed|date=February 2020))
[[Image:Wpdms shdrlfi020l colorado desert.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A section of the LCRV showing the [[Colorado Desert]] (yellow dotted line) in the west, the [[Salton Sea]], and the three US bordering states on the [[Colorado River]]. Portions of the Mexican states of [[Baja California]] and [[Sonora]] also shown. Proximity to [[San Diego]] and the rain shadow of coastal mountains is also shown. ]]
[[Image:Colorado watershed.png|right|thumb|The [[Colorado River]] watershed; the LCRV arbitrarily starts south of Lake Mead, at Hoover Dam in Nevada.]]

The '''Lower Colorado River Valley''' ('''LCRV''') is the river region of the lower [[Colorado River]] of the [[southwestern United States]] in North America that rises in the [[Rocky Mountains]] and has its outlet at the [[Colorado River Delta]] in the northern [[Gulf of California]] in northwestern [[Mexico]], between the [[Mexican state|state]]s of [[Baja California]] and [[Sonora]]. This north–south stretch of the Colorado River forms the border between the [[U.S. state]]s of [[California]]/[[Arizona]] and [[Nevada]]/Arizona,<ref>"Lower Colorado River Valley" section, Center for Sonoran Desert Studies; [http://www.desertmuseum.org/desert/sonora.php]</ref> and between the Mexican states of Baja California/Sonora.

It is commonly defined as the region from below [[Hoover Dam]] and [[Lake Mead]] to its outlet at the northern [[Gulf of California]] (Sea of Cortez); it includes the Colorado River proper, canyons, the valley, mountain ranges with [[wilderness area]]s, and the floodplain and associated [[riparian]] environments. It is home to [[recreation]] activities from the [[river]], the [[lake]]s created by [[dam]]s, [[agriculture]], and the home of various cities, communities, and towns along the river, or associated with the valley region. Five Indian reservations are located in the LCRV: the [[Chemehuevi Indian Reservation|Chemehuevi]], [[Fort Mojave Indian Reservation|Fort Mojave]] and [[Colorado River Indian Reservation]]s; at Yuma are the [[Quechan]] and [[Cocopah]] reservations.

==Ecology==
[[File:View of Trigo Mountains Wilderness, AZ.jpg|thumb|[[Trigo Mountains Wilderness]], a ridgeline wilderness area on the eastern border of the river proper, 30 miles north of [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]]–[[Winterhaven, California|Winterhaven]]. A [[buckhorn cholla]] cactus is in foreground; [[creosote bush]] scrubland on hillsides.]]
Some of the highest air temperatures in North America are recorded in the LCRV, rivaling [[Death Valley]]; specifically [[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]], [[Lake Havasu City]], [[Laughlin, Nevada|Laughlin]], [[Needles, California|Needles]], [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]], or the southeastern deserts of California, west of the Colorado River where extreme heat is the main summertime weather feature. Worldwide, only deserts in Africa and in the [[Middle East]] are hotter. The LCRV is defined by three deserts. The [[Mojave Desert]] is in southeast California, southern Nevada, and northwest Arizona. South of the Mojave the [[Sonoran Desert]] spans both sides of the Colorado River. The Lower Colorado River Valley is in the western part of the Sonoran Desert, which is called the [[Colorado Desert]]. the Sonoran Desert region proper extends from areas west of the river, and then southeastwards to southeast Arizona, south along the eastern side of the [[Baja Peninsula]] cordillera to [[Baja California Sur]], and southeast [[Sonora]] state, Mexico to the northern border of neighboring [[Sinaloa]].

The LCRV extends about ((convert|350|mi|km|0)) from Hoover Dam to the [[Colorado River Delta]]. The Sonoran Desert itself is more than twice as extensive north-to-south, and about ((convert|450|mi|km|0)) in width. Two species, [[desert ironwood]]<ref>((cite book|first=Elbert L.|last=Little Jr.|title=Atlas of United States Trees|volume=3 (Minor Western Hardwoods)|year=1976|publisher=US Government Printing Office|lccn=79-653298|oclc=4053799|entry=Map 103, ''Olneya tesota''|entry-url=https://archive.org/details/atlasofunitedsta1314litt/page/n173/mode/1up))</ref> and the [[lesser long-nosed bat]], have geographic ranges identical to the Sonoran Desert, and are [[indicator species]] of the Sonoran Desert region. The spring flowering of ironwood, and the bat species migration arrivals also become indicators of annual or multi-year climate trends for regions of the Sonoran Desert.

=== Fauna ===
((main|List of fauna of the Lower Colorado River Valley))

===Flora===
The Lower Colorado River Valley has unique plant communities because it is the most arid part of the desert and it has the highest temperatures, in excess of ((cvt|120|F)) during the summer. The low humidity means that most plants must have mechanisms that deal with severe water loss through evaporation. The soils tend to be typical [[Aridisol|desert soils]], coarse and without well-developed [[O horizon#O horizon|organic horizon]]s, and plants can only obtain soil water during and very soon after the infrequent rains.<ref name=dmdl/>

Dominant plants in the valleys are low shrubs such as ''[[Ambrosia dumosa]]'' (white bursage) and  ''[[Larrea tridentata]]'' (creosote bush). Over half of the floral diversity comprises annual species, with even higher percentages in drier habitats.<ref name=dmdl/> Vulnerable species and plant communities include saltbush/wolfberry flats, saguaro, nightblooming cereus cacti, tamarisks, barrel cactus, Sonoran panicgrass, and [[Echinomastus erectocentrus|acuna cactus]].<ref name=lcrvthreats/>

((Gallery |mode=packed
|Joshua Tree NP - Joshua Tree 2.jpg|''[[Yucca brevifolia]]'' (Joshua tree)
|Sand verbena.jpg|''[[Abronia villosa]]'' (sand verbena)
|Eriogonum inflatum 1.jpg|''[[Eriogonum inflatum]]'' (desert trumpet)
|Encelia farinosa form.jpg|''[[Encelia farinosa]]'' (brittlebush)
|Opuntia basilaris form.jpg|''[[Opuntia basilaris]]''
|Yucca schidigera blooming.jpg|''[[Yucca schidigera]]''
))

===Threats===
The Lower Colorado River Valley subregion of the Sonoran Desert bioregion has multiple threats. Some major threats include [[urbanization]], clearing of land for agriculture, human occupancy – especially as a result of imported external resources, and camping and camptrailers on BLM land. Other threats include harvesting for fuelwood, campfires, etc. of [[desert ironwood]], destruction of land by [[offroad vehicle]]s, especially in [[sand dune]]s, and harvesting and manipulation of groundwater.<ref name=lcrvthreats>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030606111850/http://alic.arid.arizona.edu/sonoran/documents/nabhan/db_table13.html Ecological threats, ''Lower Colorado River Valley'']</ref>

==List of major cities and communities==
((Unreferenced section|date=February 2020))
* [[Laughlin, Nevada|Laughlin]], Nevada in [[Clark County, Nevada]]
* [[Needles, California|Needles]], California in [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]]
* [[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]], Arizona
* [[Mohave Valley, Arizona|Mojave Valley]], Arizona
* [[Lake Havasu City, Arizona|Lake Havasu City]], Arizona
* Silver Cliffs, Arizona/California
* [[Vidal, California|Vidal]], California
* [[Parker, Arizona|Parker]], Arizona
* [[Blythe, California|Blythe]], California
* [[Quartzsite, Arizona|Quartzite]], Arizona
* [[Winterhaven, California|Winterhaven]], California in [[Imperial County, California]]
* [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]], Arizona in [[Yuma County, Arizona]]
* [[San Luis, Arizona|San Luis]], Arizona
* [[San Luis Río Colorado]], Sonora

==Complete list of towns, areas, etc, north to south==
((Unreferenced section|date=February 2020))
((col-begin|width=auto))
((col-break))
Nevada–California–Baja California side
* [[Cottonwood Cove, Nevada]]
* [[Lake Mohave]]
* [[Laughlin, Nevada|Laughlin]]–[[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]]
* [[Needles, California|Needles]]–[[Mohave Valley, Arizona|Mohave Valley, AZ]]
* [[Sacramento Mountains (California)|Sacramento Mountains]]
* [[Chemehuevi Mountains]]
* [[Chemehuevi Valley]]–(Lake Havasu City)
* [[Whipple Mountains]]
* [[Earp, California|Earp]]
* [[Big River, California|Big River]]
* [[Blythe, California|Blythe]]–Quartzsite
* [[Winterhaven, California|Winterhaven]]–[[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]]
* [[Los Algodones, Baja California|Los Algodones]], Baja California
* [[Colorado River Delta]] (at Gulf of California)

((col-break|gap=2em))
Arizona–Sonora side
* Willow Beach, Arizona
* [[Lake Mohave]]
* [[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]]
* [[Mohave Valley, Arizona|Mohave Valley]], in [[Mohave County, Arizona]]
* [[Topock, Arizona|Topock]]–[[Topock Marsh]]
* [[Lake Havasu City, Arizona|Lake Havasu City]]
* [[Bill Williams River]]
* [[Earp, California|Earp]]–[[Parker, Arizona|Parker]]
* [[Quartzsite, Arizona|Quartzsite]], in [[La Paz County, Arizona]]
* [[Ehrenberg, Arizona|Ehrenberg]]
* [[Cibola, Arizona|Cibola]]
* [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]] in [[Yuma County, Arizona]]
* [[San Luis Río Colorado]], Sonora
* [[Colorado River Delta]] (at Gulf of California)
((col-end))

===Feeder-valleys, or included small valleys===

((col-begin|width=auto))
((col-break))
Nevada–California–Baja California side
* [[Eldorado Valley]]–([[endorheic]])
* [[Piute Valley]]
* [[Laughlin, Nevada|Laughlin]]–[[Bullhead City, Arizona|Bullhead City]]
* [[Needles, California|Needles]]–[[Mohave Valley, Arizona|Mohave Valley, AZ]]
* [[Mohave Valley]]–(included)
* [[Sacramento Mountains (California)|Sacramento Mountains]]
* [[Mohave Valley]]–(included)
* [[Chemehuevi Mountains]]
* [[Chemehuevi Valley]]–(Lake Havasu City)
* [[Whipple Mountains]]
* [[Vidal Valley]]
* [[Parker Valley]]–(included)
* [[Palo Verde Valley]]–(included)
* [[Colorado River Delta]]

((col-break|gap=2em))
Arizona–Sonora side
* [[Sacramento Valley (Arizona)|Sacramento Valley]]–([[Sacramento Wash]])
* [[Mohave Valley]]–(included)
* (east of [[Whipple Mountains|Whipple Mtns]] [[massif]])–[[Bill Williams River]]–(Arizona)
** [[Maria fold and thrust belt]] Region
* [[Parker Valley]]–(included)—[[La Posa Plain]]
* [[Ehrenberg, Arizona]]
* [[Cibola, Arizona]]
* [[Yuma Valley]]–(included)-[[Yuma, Arizona]]
* [[Colorado River Delta]]
((col-end))

==References==
((commons category|Lower Colorado River Valley))
((Reflist|refs=
<ref name=dmdl>((cite web|url=http://www.desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org/public/detail.php?id=ASDM13685&sp=Sonoran+Desertscrub+-+Lower+Colorado+River+Valley|title=Sonoran Desertscrub – Lower Colorado River Valley by Mark A. Dimmitt :: ASDM Sonoran Desert Digital Library|website=Desertmuseumdigitallibrary.org|access-date=15 September 2018))</ref>
))

[[Category:Lower Colorado River Valley| ]]

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