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((Short description|French socialist and communist politician (1889-1946)))
((more citations needed|date=September 2014))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2020))
((Infobox officeholder
 | honorific_prefix   = 
 | name               = Ludovic-Oscar Frossard 
 | honorific_suffix   = 
 | image              = Frossard-1929.jpg
 | image_size         = 
 | image_upright      = 
 | smallimage         = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.-->
 | smallimage_alt     =
 | alt                = 
 | caption            = Frossard c. 1929

 | office             = [[Philippe Pétain|Minister of Public Works and Information]]  
 | term_start         = 16 June
 | term_end           = 10 July 1940  
 | president          = [[Albert Lebrun]] 
 | primeminister      = [[Philippe Pétain]]  
 | predecessor        = Position established
 | successor          = Position abolished

 | office1             = [[Minister of Public Works (France)|Minister of Public Works]]  
 | term_start1         = 5 June 
 | term_end1           = 16 June 1940  
 | president1          = Albert Lebrun 
 | primeminister1      = [[Paul Reynaud]]  
 | predecessor1        = Anatole de Monzie
 | successor1          = Maurice Schwartz
 
 | term_start2         = 10 April  
 | term_end2           = 23 August 1938   
 | president2          = Albert Lebrun 
 | primeminister2      = [[Édouard Daladier]]  
 | predecessor2        = [[Jules Moch]] 
 | successor2          = [[Anatole de Monzie]]

 | office3             = [[Minister of Information (France)|Minister of Information]]((efn|Also named '''''Minister for Propaganda'''''.))  
 | term_start3         = 21 March
 | term_end3           = 5 June 1940  
 | president3          = Albert Lebrun 
 | primeminister3      = [[Paul Reynaud]]<br>[[Philippe Pétain]]  
 | predecessor3        = [[Jean Giraudoux]]
 | successor3          = [[Jean Prouvost]]

 | term_start4         = 13 March
 | term_end4           = 8 April 1938  
 | president4          = Albert Lebrun 
 | primeminister4      = [[Léon Blum]]  
 | predecessor4        = Position established 
 | successor4          = Position vacated

 | office5             = [[Government of France#Composition and formation|Minister of State]] 
 | term_start5         = 18 January  
 | term_end5           = 10 March 1938
 | alongside5          = [[Georges Bonnet]]  
 | president5          = Albert Lebrun
 | primeminister5      = [[Camille Chautemps]]  
 | predecessor5        = [[Albert Sarraut]]<br>[[Maurice Viollette]]<br>[[Paul Faure (politician)|Paul Faure]]
 | successor5          = [[Théodore Steeg]]<br>[[Maurice Viollette]]<br>Paul Faure

 | office6             = [[Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion (France)|Minister of Labour]] 
 | term_start6         = 1 June 1935
 | term_end6           = 4 June 1936  
 | president6          = [[Albert Lebrun]] 
 | primeminister6      = ((plainlist|
* [[Fernand Bouisson]]
* [[Pierre Laval]]
* [[Albert Sarraut]]
))  
 | predecessor6        = [[Paul Jacquier]]
 | successor6          = [[Paul Ramadier]]    

 | office7             = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]] 
 | term_start7         = ((abbr|c.|Circa)) April 1928
 | term_end7           = ((abbr|c.|Circa)) May 1936  
 | 7blankname1        = Parliamentary Bloc 
 | 7namedata1         = [[Cartel des Gauches|Cartel of the Left]]
 | 7blankname2        = Parliamentary Leader
 | 7namedata2         = [[Édouard Daladier]]
 | predecessor7        = 
 | successor7          =

 | office8             = [[History of the French Communist Party#Marginalization (1922–1934)|Secretary-General of the French Communist Party]]((efn|Originally founded as the [[History of the French Communist Party#Foundation|French Section of the Communist International (Section française de l'Internationale communiste, SFIC)]].))  
 | term_start8         = 1920
 | term_end8           = 1922 
 | predecessor8        = Position established
 | successor8          = [[Pierre Semard]] 

 | office9             = [[French Section of the Workers' International#General secretaries|Secretary-General of the SFIO]] 
 | term_start9         = October 1918
 | term_end9           = 1920   
 | predecessor9        = [[French Section of the Workers' International#General secretaries|Louis Dubreuilh]]
 | successor9          = [[Paul Faure (politician)|Paul Faure]] 

 | birth_name      = 
 | birth_date      =
 | birth_place     = [[Foussemagne]], [[Territoire de Belfort]], [[French Third Republic|France]] 
 | death_date      = ((Death date and age|11 February 1946|5 March 1889|df=y))  
 | death_place     = [[Paris]], France
 | death_cause     = 
 | resting_place   =  
 | citizenship     = 
 | nationality     = [[French people|French]]
 | party           = ((plainlist|
* [[French Communist Party|Communist Party]] ((small|(1920–1923)))
* [[French Section of the Workers' International|SFIO]] ((small|(1905–1920; 1923–1936)))
))
 | otherparty      =  
 | spouse          =  
 | partner         =  
 | relations       = 
 | children        = [[André Frossard|André]]
 | parents         =  
 | relatives       = 
 | residence       = 
 | education       = 
 | alma_mater      = 
 | occupation      =  
 | known_for       =  
 | awards          =  
 | signature       = 
 | signature_alt   = 
 | signature_size  =
 | website         = 
))
'''Ludovic-Oscar Frossard''' (5 March 1889 – 11 February 1946), also known as '''L.-O. Frossard''' or '''Oscar Frossard''', was a French socialist and communist politician. He was a founding member in 1905 and Secretary-General of the [[Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière|French Socialist Party]] (SFIO) from 1918 to 1920, as well as a founding member and Secretary-General of the [[Communist Party of France|French Communist Party]] (PCF) from 1920 to 1922.

On 1 January 1923 Frossard resigned his positions and left the Communist movement over political differences. Frossard briefly attempted to establish an independent Communist political organization before returning to the ranks of the SFIO, gaining election to parliament under that party's banner in 1928, 1932, and 1936.

From 1935 until 1940 Frossard held a series of ministerial positions in successive governments of [[Pierre Laval]], [[Albert Sarraut]], [[Camille Chautemps]], [[Léon Blum]], [[Édouard Daladier]], [[Paul Reynaud]], and the first government of [[Philippe Pétain]]. Following the armistice between France and [[Nazi Germany]], Frossard declined to participate in the [[Vichy France|Vichy French]] government headed by Pétain, but continued to work as a journalist. His position led to his investigation, trial, and acquittal over accusations of [[collaborationism]] following the fall of the Pétain regime.

==Early years==
He was born 5 March 1889 in [[Foussemagne]], Territoire de Belfort, France. His father was a [[saddle]]maker who was dedicated to his son's education and success in life.<ref>Albert S. Lindemann, ''The "Red Years": European Socialism Versus Bolshevism, 1919-1921.'' Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1974; p. 153.</ref>

Following completion of his schooling, Frossard became a schoolteacher, also working as a journalist.<ref name=LandD>Branko Lazitch and Milorad M. Drachkovitch, ''Biographical Dictionary of the Comintern.'' New, Revised, and Expanded Edition. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1986; p. 128.</ref> He also became involved in Socialist politics, joining the [[Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière]] (SFIO), at the time of its formation in 1905.<ref name=LandD />

==Early political career==
During [[World War I]], Frossard supported the [[pacifism|pacifist]] minority faction of the SFIO.<ref name=LandD /> As the bloody conflict ground on without remit, Frossard's antiwar perspective became the majority view in the SFIO, leading to his election as Secretary-General of the party in 1918.<ref name=LandD /> He would remain in that capacity until the SFIO split into socialist and communist wings at the [[Tours Congress|December 1920 Congress]] at [[Tours]].<ref name=LandD />

In the summer of 1920 Frossard travelled to the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]] along with his party comrade, [[Marcel Cachin]]; the two participated in the [[2nd World Congress of the Communist International]].<ref name=LandD />

Frossard was active upon his return to France in advocating for the affiliation of the SFIO to the [[Comintern]], and he departed with the left wing at the Tours Congress to form the [[Communist Party of France]] (PCF); he was its Secretary-General.<ref name=LandD /> Frossard was twice re-elected as the head of the PhD and was endorsed both at its 2nd Congress at [[Marseilles]] in December 1921 and its 3rd Congress at [[Paris]] in October 1922.<ref name=LandD />

As the Comintern developed, Frossard came into disagreement with several of its policies, which brought him into conflict.<ref name=LandD /> He traveled again to Moscow in June 1922 to serve as a delegate to the [[2nd Enlarged Plenum of ECCI|2nd Enlarged Plenum]] of the [[Executive Committee of the Communist International]] (ECCI), a journey that marked his second and final trip to Soviet Russia.<ref name=LandD /> Although he did not attend the [[4th World Congress of the Comintern]] in November 1922, he was still elected a member of ECCI at that gathering, his last high position in the French Communist movement.<ref name=LandD />

==Return to SFIO==
Frossard's dissatisfaction with the Comintern remained, however, and on 1 January 1923, he wrote a letter resigning from the Communist Party.<ref name=LandD /> He initially attempted to form a dissident Communist group but ultimately failed in this task and returned to participation in the SFIO, now headed by [[Léon Blum]].<ref name=LandD />

Elected to the [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]], the lower chamber of the [[French Third Republic]], platform with the 1928 and the 1932 ''[[Cartel des gauches]]'.

==Later career==
He quit the SFIO group after the 1936 elections. His departure did not prevent him from becoming [[Minister of Information (France)|Minister of Propaganda]] (and the first one ever in this capacity) in Blum's Second [[Popular Front (France)|Popular Front]] Ministry (March–April 1938).

From 1935, Frossard had been a member of the governments of [[Pierre Laval]] and [[Albert Sarraut]] (as [[Minister of Social Affairs (France)|Labor Minister]]) as well as that of [[Camille Chautemps]] (as Minister of State of the Services of the Presidency of the council). Afterwards, he served as [[Minister of Public Works (France)|Minister of Public Works]] under Radical [[Édouard Daladier]] and again as Minister of Propaganda under conservative [[Paul Reynaud]].

Frossard was made Minister of Public Works and Transmissions in the First Government of [[Philippe Pétain]] after the [[Battle of France]] and the beginning of [[Nazi Germany]]'s [[Military history of France during World War II|occupation of France]]. After the signing of the [[armistice]] between France and Germany, Frossard declined to be part of any [[Vichy France]] executive, but he still worked as a journalist under the new regime.<ref name=LandD /> On 23 January 1941, Frossard was made a member of the National Council of [[Vichy France]].<ref> Journal officiel de la République française. Lois et décrets [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96148684/f8.item.r=Laederich.zoom#]</ref> Suspicion of collaboration with the enemy led to an enquiry into his activities at the end of [[World War II]], but he was soon cleared.<ref name=LandD />

==Death and legacy==
Frossard died 11 February 1946 in Paris.

Frossard's son, [[André Frossard]], was a journalist and writer who converted to Catholicism in 1935.

==Footnotes==
'''Notes'''
((notelist))
'''Citations'''
((Reflist|30em))

==Further reading==
*Philippe Robrieux, ''Histoire Intérieure du Parti Communiste'', vol. 1–2, [[Fayard]]

((s-start))
((s-off))
((succession box|title=[[Minister of Information (France)|Minister of Propaganda]]|before=Ministry established|after=Office left vacant|years=1938))
((succession box|title=[[Minister of Information (France)|Minister of Propaganda]]|before=[[Jean Giraudoux]]|after=[[Jean Prouvost]]|years=1940))
((s-ppo))
((succession box|
  title=General Secretary of the [[French Communist Party]]|
  before=New position|
  after=[[Louis Sellier]]|
  years=1920–1922
))
((s-end))

((French Communist Party))
((SFIO))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Frossard, Ludovic-Oscar))
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1946 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Territoire de Belfort]]
[[Category:Former Marxists]]
[[Category:French Section of the Workers' International politicians]]
[[Category:French Communist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Socialist-Communist Union politicians]]
[[Category:Socialist Republican Union politicians]]
[[Category:Transport ministers of France]]
[[Category:Ministers of Information of France]]
[[Category:Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic]]
[[Category:Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic]]
[[Category:Members of Parliament for Haute-Saône]]
[[Category:Members of the National Council of Vichy France]]
[[Category:Executive Committee of the Communist International]]
[[Category:French male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century French journalists]]

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