Ludwig Kainer 1926 (photo by Alexander Binder)

Ludwig Kainer (28 June 1885 – 25 April 1967) was a German graphic artist, draftsman, painter, illustrator, film architect and costume designer.

Early life

Père-Lachaise, Paris.

Kainer was born in Munich. He studied medicine before turning to art. During a stay in Paris in 1909, Kainer discovered the Impressionists (Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse and Auguste Renoir), and taught himself the basics of this art.[1] He entered into contact with the Ballets Russes around Sergei Djagilew and Vaslav Nijinsky and contributed to the satirical newspaper Simplicissimus (a total of 205 illustrations by 1930),[2] He met his first wife, the Austrian painter and draftswoman Lene Schneider (1885-1971), during his first stay in Paris (1909/10).

After divorcing in 1924, Kainer married Margaret née Levy (born 26 January 1894 in Berlin, died 1968 in Paris). Margaret's father, Norbert Levy, a wealthy metals dealer, set up a foundation to benefit Margaret shortly before his death in 1927.[3][4]

Work as an artist

Back in Germany, Kainer settled in Berlin in 1910. He now worked primarily as a graphic artist, designing and drawing posters (e.g. for events with the grotesque dancer Valeska Gert, but also for book advertisements). From 1912 Kainer's illustrations were also featured in magazines such as Der Sturm, Styl, Kleiderkasten and Die Dame.[5] In 1914 he designed the cover of Kurt Pinthus' Das Kinobuch,[6] and in the same year exhibited at the Bugra in Leipzig. In 1920 he provided illustrations and cover art for a volume of stories by Erwin von Busse that courts in Berlin and Leipzig banned.[7]

Film

Immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, Kainer switched to the film industry, where he designed the sets primarily for Oskar Messter's productions, including numerous films with Henny Porten, but also for various productions by Robert Wiene. In later years, he received several commissions as a costume designer. Kainer also took over the artistic direction of Erik Charell's ballet.[8]

After just under a decade, Kainer temporarily ended his film work in 1924 and went to India until the following year. Back home in Germany, he was also active as a stage designer; in the late 1920s and early 1930s, he can be traced as the head of set design at the Theater im Admiralspalast (Haller-Revuen) under Hermann Feiner's direction, and was ultimately a member of his artistic advisory board.

Kainer also worked as a teacher, supervising the fashion drawing department at Berlin's famous Reimann School. Several of his paintings were offered for sale in art auctions.[9][10][11][12]

Art collection

The Kainers owned an art collection with over 400 artworks, some of which had been inherited from Norbert Levy, Margaret Kainer's father.[13][4]

Nazi era

When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, the Kainers were persecuted because they were Jewish. They went first to Switzerland, then to Paris, where they lived for the rest of their lives. Their art collection was seized by the Nazis and auctioned.[13]

Post-war

After 1945 Kainer worked in Germany and Switzerland as well as in his adopted country France. In 1951 he was represented at a collective exhibition in the Zurich Kunstsalon Wolfsberg, and a little later he gradually withdrew into private life.

Kainer died in Paris on 25 April 1967 at the age of 82. He grave is in Père Lachaise Cemetery (Division 7).[14]

UBS Scandal

Albert Genner, a director at the Swiss UBS bank, revived the Norbert Levy foundation, which had originally been set up to benefit Margaret Kainer (née Levy). Under UBS's management the Foundation "inherited" the artworks that had belonged to the Kainers. and sold them without informating the Kainer family of the collection's existence.[15][16][17]

One of the paintings from Kainer's collection that the UBS-run foundation recovered and sold was Edgar Dégas' Danseuses.[18]

When it discovered what UBS had been doing, the Kainer family sued UBS, stating:[19][20][21]

Despite the fact that UBS AG and UBS Global Asset Management (Americas) Inc. (together, "UBS") and their predecessor Union Bank of Switzerland were longstanding trusted fiduciaries entrusted to manage the funds of Norbert Levy and his daughter Margaret Kainer, UBS and Defendants looted those assets for a dummy foundation they control. Among other flagrant misdeeds, Defendants, in 2009, without notice to or authority from Plaintiffs, wrongfully sold a painting in New York belonging to Plaintiffs and failed to obtain permission from Plaintiffs or turn over any of the proceeds of the sale with Plaintiffs.[19]

Restitution claims

In 2015, relatives of Ludwig and Margaret Kainer requested the restitution of a painting by Pissarro, The Anse des Pilotes, Le Havre (1903). In May 2021, in the Federal District Court in Atlanta, the heirs sued the family of Gerald D. Horowitz who had bought the painting from the New York dealer Achim Moeller Fine Art in 1995, for its return.[22][23][24]

Films

as film architect except where noted

References

  1. ^ "Ludwig Kainer (1885-1967) - The Lovers - Watercolor". www.proantic.com. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  2. ^ "Ludwig Kainer | Portfolio of Ten: Ballet Russe | MutualArt". www.mutualart.com. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  3. ^ "Margaret Kainer". geni_family_tree. Retrieved 2022-01-23.
  4. ^ a b Cohen, Patricia (18 October 2014). "Heirs Sue Bank Over Sale of Nazi-Looted Art". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Sturm, Der 30 March 1912 — Princeton Blue Mountain collection". libserv14.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  6. ^ Estermann, Monika; Rautenberg, Ursula (2009). Im Auftrag der Historischen Kommission des Börsenvereins des Deutschen Buchhandels e.V. (in German). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-598-24860-3.
  7. ^ Manfred Herzer (2022). Afterword. Berlin Garden of Erotic Delights. By Granand. Waterbury Press. pp. 80, 82–83.
  8. ^ kevin (25 November 2018). "The Revolution Of 1918/1919 In Berlin: A New Exhibition Incorporates Entertainment Culture". Operetta Research Center. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  9. ^ "Ludwig Kainer". www.artnet.de. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  10. ^ "Art prices, art appraisal - Search free". www.findartinfo.com. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  11. ^ Ludwig Kainer – Werke – Preise und Schätzungen der Werke von Kainer
  12. ^ Ludwig Kainer – Artist, Fine Art, Auction Records, Prices, Biography for Ludwig Kainer
  13. ^ a b Durón, Maximilíano (2021-05-14). "Heirs File Suit to Recover Nazi-Looted Pissarro Painting". ARTnews.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  14. ^ Vincent de Langlade, Renaud Marchand, ed. (1982). Une heure au Père-Lachaise (in French). Vermet Paris. p. 68. ISBN 9782402019934.
  15. ^ Alexander Herman. "The Swiss foundation that "inherited" Nazi loot | Institute of Art and Law". Archived from the original on 2021-05-19. Retrieved 2022-01-24. When in 1970 the West German government agreed to compensate the heirs of Nazi spoliation and brutality, a director of the Swiss bank (now UBS) decided to revive the foundation in order to get the payout.
  16. ^ "Auction Ludwig Kainer (1885-1967) Es Werde Licht. 1918. SIZE:… | Gazette Drouot". www.gazette-drouot.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  17. ^ Cohen, Patricia (2014-10-18). "Heirs Sue Bank Over Sale of Nazi-Looted Art". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-03-14. Retrieved 2022-01-24. It turns out that the Kainer "heir" that has for years collected proceeds from these sales and other restitutions, including war reparations from the German government, is not a family member but a foundation created by Swiss bank officials. In lawsuits filed in New York and Switzerland, the Kainer relatives contend that officers of the bank — now part of the global banking giant UBS — never made a diligent effort to find them, and worse, used the family name to create a "sham" foundation ostensibly organized to support the health and education of Jewish youth but actually formed, they say, to cheat them out of their inheritance.
  18. ^ "NY court says fight over Nazi-stolen Degas doesn't belong here". www.courthousenews.com. Retrieved 2022-01-24. The foundation renounced the Kainer estate's rights to the painting "Danseuses" by Edgar Degas in exchange for 30% of the sale proceeds. That figure amounted to $1.8 million after Christie's sold the piece first to a private buyer and then arranged an auction a few days later where it went for $10.7 million. Two years later, 11 heirs of Kainer brought a suit in New York that claimed the foundation was a sham entity created by the Swiss bank UBS.
  19. ^ a b "Kainer v UBS amended complaint" (PDF).
  20. ^ "Kainer Heirs Sue UBS Over Nazi-Looted Degas". Artlyst. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  21. ^ "Plainte d'une famille juive contre UBS pour des oeuvres d'art pillées par les nazis". Le Temps (in French). 2014-10-18. ISSN 1423-3967. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  22. ^ Durón, Maximilíano (2021-05-14). "Heirs File Suit to Recover Nazi-Looted Pissarro Painting". ARTnews.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2022-01-23. The work in question is Pissarro's 1903 harbor scene painting The Anse des Pilotes, Le Havre, painted in the final year of the artist's life. According to the suit, the work was purchased by German collector Ludwig Kainer in 1904 from the artist's son. It was most recently displayed at the High Museum of Art in Atlanta in 2014.
  23. ^ "Nazi-looted Pissarro painting becomes the subject of a lawsuit in Atlanta". Art Law & More. 2021-05-17. Archived from the original on 2021-05-18. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  24. ^ Moynihan, Colin (2021-05-13). "Heirs Sue Over Ownership of a Pissarro, Saying It Was Seized by Nazis". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2021-05-17. Retrieved 2022-01-24.

Literature

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