Lukman Hakim
Hakim in 1948
3rd Ambassador of Indonesia to West Germany
In office
1961–1966
PresidentSukarno
Preceded byZairin Zain
Succeeded byAlfian Yusuf Helmi
2nd Governor of Bank Indonesia
In office
1958–1959
PresidentSukarno
Preceded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara
Succeeded bySoetikno Slamet
6th Minister of Finance
In office
20 December 1949 – 6 September 1950[a]
PresidentAssaat
Prime MinisterSusanto Tirtoprodjo
Abdul Halim
Preceded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara
Succeeded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara
In office
4 August 1949 – 20 December 1949
PresidentSukarno
Prime MinisterMohammad Hatta
Preceded byHimself
Succeeded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara
In office
19 December 1948 – 13 July 1949
Chairman of PDRISjafruddin Prawiranegara
Preceded byA. A. Maramis
Succeeded byHimself
Minister of Justice
In office
19 December 1948 – 31 March 1949
Chairman of PDRISjafruddin Prawiranegara
Preceded bySusanto Tirtoprodjo
Succeeded bySusanto Tirtoprodjo
Vice Minister of Finance
In office
2 October 1946 – 3 July 1947
PresidentSukarno
Prime MinisterSutan Sjahrir
Preceded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara
Succeeded byOng Eng Die
Personal details
Born(1914-06-06)6 June 1914
Tuban, Dutch East Indies
Died20 August 1966(1966-08-20) (aged 52)
Bonn, West Germany
Political partyIndonesian National Party

Lukman Hakim (6 June 1914 – 20 August 1966) was an Indonesian economist and diplomat who served as Minister of Finance between 1948 and 1950, serving under both the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Republic of Indonesia during the United States of Indonesia period. He was also the Governor of Bank Indonesia between 1958–1959, and the Ambassador to West Germany between 1961 until his death in 1966.

Early life and education

Lukman Hakim was born in Tuban, East Java on 14 October 1914. His father, Abdoellah Koestoer, originated from Surakarta while his mother was from Tuban. Hakim received his early education in Tuban, Surakarta, and then Yogyakarta, before moving to Batavia. He obtained a degree in law there by 1941. During his studies, he joined nationalist youth organizations such as Indonesia Muda, for which he chaired the Jakarta branch, and later the Indonesian Students' Association.[2][3]

Career

During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Hakim worked at the occupation government's tax office.[2] He initially worked in the Semarang tax office before being reassigned to Jakarta. During this period he was not politically active.[3] After the proclamation of Indonesian independence, Hakim joined the Indonesian National Party, and within the organizational structure he assisted Soemanang Soerjowinoto who headed the party's economic department.[3][4] He was then appointed Junior Minister for Finance in the Third Sjahrir Cabinet.[3]

In July 1947, Hakim was appointed as State Commissioner for Finances in Sumatra and moved there.[3] After Operation Kraai, he became Minister of Finance within Sjafruddin Prawiranegara's Emergency Government (PDRI). The Prawiranegara government encountered difficulties with a shortage of Republican currency in Sumatra's interior, and Hakim sent instructions to the Republican local government in Jambi to issue the currency.[5]: 59  In January 1949, Hakim himself led a group in Jambi to physically print Republican money at the town of Muara Bungo, his group carrying cliches of the currency and using converted conventional printing equipment there to print the money.[6] He continued to serve as finance minister for some time after the return of the Indonesian government to Yogyakarta (the Second Hatta Cabinet),[3][7] and served under the Susanto Cabinet and Halim Cabinet.[1]

By mid-1956, Hakim was deputy governor of Bank Indonesia, with Sjafruddin Prawiranegara serving as governor. With Prawiranegara (a Masyumi member) near the end of his term of office, the Indonesian National Party wanted to replace him with Hakim. Although Hakim and Prawiranegara were both close due to their time at PDRI, Hakim accepted the political nomination. Since the Nahdlatul Ulama backed Masyumi, however, Prawiranegara remained in his office.[8] Hakim later replaced Prawiranegara to serve as BI governor between 1958 and 1959.[9]

On 2 April 1961, Hakim was appointed as Indonesia's Ambassador to West Germany.[10] In 1961-1962, the Netherlands pressured the West German government to cease development aid to Indonesia due to the West New Guinea dispute. Following Hakim's lobbying, the West German government indicated its neutrality in the dispute, hence preserving the aid.[11] Hakim continued lobbying the West German government during the Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation period.[12] He died on 20 August 1966 while still serving as ambassador in Bonn.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ Between 20 December 1949 and 6 September 1950, Hakim served as Minister of Finance in the Susanto and Halim cabinets under the State of Republic of Indonesia and not as Minister of Finance of the United States of Indonesia, which was held by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Lukman Hakim" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Finance. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Anderson, Benedict Richard O'Gorman (2006). Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946. Equinox Publishing. p. 426. ISBN 978-979-3780-14-6.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Kabinet Republik Indonesia (in Indonesian). Ministry of Information. 1950. pp. 34–35.
  4. ^ Anderson 2006, pp. 226–228.
  5. ^ Iskandar, Mohammad (20 April 2004). ""Oeang Republik" dalam Kancah Revolusi". Jurnal Sejarah (in Indonesian). 6: 43–62. ISSN 2581-2394.
  6. ^ Imran, Amrin (2005). PDRI (Pemerintah Darurat Republik Indonesia) dalam perang kemerdekaan (in Indonesian). Citra Pendidikan. p. 96. ISBN 978-979-96217-1-9.
  7. ^ Susunan Kabinet R.I. Tahun 1945 S/d 1968 (in Indonesian). Biro Penjusunan dan Pembuatan Progarm, Departemen Penerangan. 1968.
  8. ^ Notodidjojo, Soebagijo Ilham (1980). Jusuf Wibisono, karang di tengah gelombang (in Indonesian). Gunung Agung. p. 160.
  9. ^ "Gubernur Bank Indonesia (1953 – sekarang)" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Bank Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  10. ^ Tömmel, Till Florian (22 May 2018). Bonn, Jakarta und der Kalte Krieg: Die Außenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland gegenüber Indonesien von 1952 bis 1973 (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 142. ISBN 978-3-11-056555-3.
  11. ^ Tömmel 2018, pp. 150–152.
  12. ^ Tömmel 2018, p. 192.
Government offices Preceded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara Governor of Bank Indonesia 1958–1959 Succeeded bySutikno Slamet Political offices Preceded byAlexander Andries Maramis Minister of Finance 1948–1950 Succeeded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara Preceded bySjafruddin Prawiranegara Vice Minister of Finance 1946–1947 Succeeded byOng Eng Die Diplomatic posts Preceded byZairin Zain Ambassador of Indonesia to West Germany 1961–1966 Succeeded byAlfian Yusuf Helmi
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