LTB
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesLTB, TNFC, TNFSF3, p33, Lymphotoxin beta, TNLG1C
External IDsOMIM: 600978 MGI: 104796 HomoloGene: 1752 GeneCards: LTB
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4050

16994

Ensembl

ENSMUSG00000024399

UniProt

Q06643

P41155

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_009588
NM_002341

NM_008518

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002332
NP_033666

NP_032544

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 31.58 – 31.58 MbChr 17: 35.41 – 35.42 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Lymphotoxin-beta (LT-beta) also known as tumor necrosis factor C (TNF-C) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTB gene.[5][6][7]

Function

Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lymphotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[7]

Pro-tumorigenic function of membrane LT is clearly established: mice with overexpression of LTα or LTβ showed increased tumor growth and metastasis in several models of cancer. However, these studies utilized mice with complete LTα gene deficiency that did not allow to distinguish effects of soluble versus membrane-associated LT.[8]

Interactions

LTB has been shown to interact with Lymphotoxin alpha.[9][10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c ENSG00000238114, ENSG00000236925, ENSG00000231314, ENSG00000204487, ENSG00000236237, ENSG00000227507, ENSG00000206437 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000223448, ENSG00000238114, ENSG00000236925, ENSG00000231314, ENSG00000204487, ENSG00000236237, ENSG00000227507, ENSG00000206437 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000024399 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Browning JL, Ngam-ek A, Lawton P, DeMarinis J, Tizard R, Chow EP, Hession C, O'Brine-Greco B, Foley SF, Ware CF (Mar 1993). "Lymphotoxin beta, a novel member of the TNF family that forms a heteromeric complex with lymphotoxin on the cell surface". Cell. 72 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90574-A. PMID 7916655. S2CID 28961163.
  6. ^ Browning JL, Androlewicz MJ, Ware CF (Aug 1991). "Lymphotoxin and an associated 33-kDa glycoprotein are expressed on the surface of an activated human T cell hybridoma". Journal of Immunology. 147 (4): 1230–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.147.4.1230. PMID 1714477. S2CID 6160376.
  7. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: LTB lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3)".
  8. ^ Korneev, KV; Atretkhany, KN; Drutskaya, MS; Grivennikov, SI; Kuprash, DV; Nedospasov, SA (January 2017). "TLR-signaling and proinflammatory cytokines as drivers of tumorigenesis". Cytokine. 89: 127–135. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2016.01.021. PMID 26854213.
  9. ^ Williams-Abbott L, Walter BN, Cheung TC, Goh CR, Porter AG, Ware CF (Aug 1997). "The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha) subunit is essential for the assembly, but not for the receptor specificity, of the membrane-anchored LTalpha1beta2 heterotrimeric ligand". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (31): 19451–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.31.19451. PMID 9235946.
  10. ^ Browning JL, Sizing ID, Lawton P, Bourdon PR, Rennert PD, Majeau GR, Ambrose CM, Hession C, Miatkowski K, Griffiths DA, Ngam-ek A, Meier W, Benjamin CD, Hochman PS (Oct 1997). "Characterization of lymphotoxin-alpha beta complexes on the surface of mouse lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology. 159 (7): 3288–98. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.159.7.3288. PMID 9317127. S2CID 25608697.
  11. ^ Browning JL, Dougas I, Ngam-ek A, Bourdon PR, Ehrenfels BN, Miatkowski K, Zafari M, Yampaglia AM, Lawton P, Meier W (Jan 1995). "Characterization of surface lymphotoxin forms. Use of specific monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors". Journal of Immunology. 154 (1): 33–46. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.1.33. PMID 7995952. S2CID 22313274.

Further reading

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