You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.195.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 09:46, 11 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 January 2025
Your current IP address is 44.195.68.6. The blocked range is 44.195.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Use dmy dates|date=May 2015))
((good article))
((Infobox weapon
|name=M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage
|image=White M3A1 halftrack pic3.JPG
|image_size=300px
|caption=A restored M13 half-track in a museum in [[Den Helder]]
<!-- Service History -->
| wars=[[World War II]]
| used_by=United States
| service=1943–44
<!-- Production History -->
| designer=[[White Motor Company]]
| design_date=1940–42
| manufacturer=White Motor Company
| production_date=1942–43
| number=1,103
|origin=United States
|type=[[Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|Self-propelled anti aircraft gun]]
|is_vehicle=yes
|length=((convert|6.50|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on))
|width=((convert|2.16|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on))
|height=((convert|2.34|m|ftin|order=flip|abbr=on))
|suspension=Half-track, vertical volute spring for track, [[Bogie#Tracked vehicles|bogies]] for wheels.
|speed=((convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on))
|fuel_capacity=((convert|60|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on))
|vehicle_range=((convert|175|mi|km|abbr=on))
|primary_armament=2 × ((convert|0.5|in|1|abbr=on)) [[M2 Browning]] machine guns in a Maxson M33 turret mount
|armour=((convert|8|to|12.7|mm|in|abbr=on))
|engine=White 160AX, ((convert|386|in3|cc|sing=on|abbr=on)), 6-cylinder, [[gasoline engine]], [[compression ratio]] 6.3:1,
|engine_power=((convert|128|hp|kW|abbr=on))
|pw_ratio=15.8 hp/ton
|crew=5 (commander, driver, gunner, and two ammunition loaders)
))

The '''M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage''' (MGMC), otherwise known as the M13 half-track, was a [[self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon|self-propelled anti-aircraft gun]] used by the U.S. Army during World War II that was armed with two .50 caliber [[M2 Browning|M2HB heavy-barrel]] Browning machine guns. Developed in response to a requirement for a mobile anti-aircraft (AA) vehicle, the vehicle was produced by the [[White Motor Company]] between July 1942 and May 1943. The only time it was ever used in combat was when the Americans [[Battle of Anzio|landed at Anzio]] in January 1944. It was replaced by the more heavily armed [[M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]] in April 1944.

The M13 evolved from a series of several unsuccessful prototypes that were trialed from 1940 to 1942. Of these, the T1E4 was selected and given the official name of the M13 MGMC, before being placed into production. Half of the M13s produced were converted into M16s on the production lines.

== Specifications ==
The M13 half-track was ((convert|21|ft|4|in|m)) long, ((convert|7|ft|1|in|m)) wide,<ref name=Ness206>Ness (2002), p. 206.</ref> and ((convert|7|ft|8|in|m)) high with a wheelbase of ((convert|135.5|in|m)).<ref name=Berndt152>Berndt (1993) p. 152</ref> It had [[bogie]] suspension for the wheels and [[Vertical volute spring suspension|vertical volute springs]] for the tracks. It had a ((convert|60|USgal|impgal L|abbr=on)) fuel capacity and a range of ((convert|175|mi|km)). The vehicle was powered by a six-cylinder White 160AX, ((convert|128|hp|kW)), ((convert|386|cuin|cc|0)) [[gasoline engine]], with a compression ratio of 6.3:1. It had a [[power-to-weight ratio]] of ((convert|15.8|hp/ST|hp/LT hp/t)) and weighed ((convert|9|ST|LT t|spell=in)).<ref name=Berndt152 /> The armor across most of the vehicle was ((convert|0.25|in|mm|2)) thick with a ((convert|0.5|in|mm|1)) thick windscreen visor. The vehicle was armed with two 0.5&nbsp;inch [[M2 Browning]] heavy machine guns placed on an [[M45 Quadmount#History|M33 Maxson mount]].<ref name=Ness206 /><ref name=Berndt34>Berndt (1994), p. 34.</ref><ref name=Rottman38>Rottman (2012), p. 38.</ref> The two machine guns were fired remotely and powered by a small electrical motor near the back of the turret. The guns were aimed with a Mark 9 [[reflector sight]]. Each vehicle had a crew of five (commander, driver, gunner, and two ammunition loaders).<ref>Hogg & Weeks (1980), p. 318.</ref>

== Development ==
[[File:M16-halftrack-korea.jpg|thumb|The [[M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage]], the successor to the M13.|alt=A M16 MGMC on a ridge during the [[Korean War]].]]

=== Early experiments ===
In October 1940, development began to produce a vehicle in response to a long-standing requirement for an anti-aircraft vehicle to protect the U.S. Army's mechanized [[convoy#Road convoys|troop convoys]] from aerial attack.<ref name=Zaloga38 /><ref>Torriami & Dennis (2014), p. 45.</ref> The first vehicle produced in the development of a half-track with an anti-aircraft armament was the T1, which had two M2 machine guns on a [[Bendix Corporation|Bendix]] machine gun mount((mdash))as used on jeeps((mdash))on a 4×4 truck. The T1E1 had a power-operated Bendix mount, and the T1E2 a Maxson mount. The T1E3 had an electro-dynamic [[Glenn L. Martin Company]] aircraft-type turret. Evaluation of these test vehicles led to the T1E2 design being preferred. The T1E2 became the [[M16 half-track]] by replacing the M33 with the [[M45 Quadmount|M45 mount]] and the [[M2 half-track]] chassis with the [[M3 half-track]] chassis.<ref name=Zaloga38>Zaloga (1994) p. 38.</ref><ref name=Berndt32>Berndt (1994), p. 32.</ref><ref name=Green150>Green & Green (2000), p. 150.</ref><ref name=Hunnicutt130>Hunnicutt (2001), p. 130.</ref><ref name=Chamberlain191 />

=== T1E4 and M13 ===
The next stage of development was to use the T1E2 configuration on the longer [[chassis]] of the M3 half-track, since it could store more ammunition. This vehicle, originally designated as the T1E4, was accepted into production as the M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage on 27 July 1942.<ref name=Zaloga38 /><ref name=Hunnicutt130 /><ref name=Chamberlain191>Chamberlain & Ellis (1969) p. 191.</ref> A total of 1,103 examples of this variant were produced from 27 July 1942 to 15 May 1943. Half of them (583) were converted into M16s by the [[White Motor Company]] before reaching the army. Deliveries began in late 1943.<ref name=Zaloga38 /><ref name=Berndt32 /><ref name=Green150 /><ref name=Hunnicutt130 /><ref name=Doyle394>Doyle (2011), p. 394.</ref>

== Service history ==
The M13 served at the [[Battle of Anzio|landing at Anzio]] with the [[VI Corps (United States)|VI Corps]] of the [[Fifth United States Army]] in January 1944. It was used as an anti-aircraft weapon during the initial landing and then later as a ground support weapon to repel heavy German [[tank|''panzer'']] attacks on the beachhead. It was replaced three months later by the M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage in April 1944.<ref name=Zaloga38 /><ref name=Berndt32 /><ref>Zaloga (2013), p. 22.</ref><ref>Hunnicutt (1992), p. 347.</ref> Only 139 examples were deployed overseas by the U.S. Army.<ref name=Green287>Green (2014), p. 287.</ref><ref>Foss (1987), p. 421.</ref>

Ten were transferred to the United Kingdom under [[Lend-Lease]].<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/LL-Ship/LL-Ship-3A.html Quantities of Lend-Lease Shipments (1946)]</ref>

== Prototypes ==
[[File:M13 MGMC.jpg|thumb|right|The M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage.|alt=A sketch of the side view of the M13 MGMC.]]
* T1 – This variant used two M2 Browning heavy machine guns on a Bendix mount on a 4×4 truck. This model, like most of the others, was a prototype.<ref name=Zaloga38 /> It was tested in June–July 1941 at the [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]]s, but was rejected because of the "excessive dispersion of ammunition".<ref>Hunnicutt (2001), p. 122.</ref>
* T1E1 – Another prototype that used the Bendix mount on a [[M2 half-track car]].<ref name=Zaloga38 /> It was cancelled in April 1942.<ref>Hunnicutt (2001), p. 123.</ref>
* T1E2 – This variant was essentially the same as the T1E1 except the Bendix mount was replaced with the M33 Maxson mount. After the M33 was replaced with the M45 Quadmount it was accepted as the M16 half-track.<ref name=Zaloga38 />
* T1E3 – A T1E1 with a [[Glenn L. Martin Company|Martin]] turret designed for use on [[bomber]]s.<ref name=Zaloga38 />

== Derivatives ==
* T1E4/M13 – The Martin turret was replaced by the M33 and was based on the M3 half-track. It was accepted as the M13 half-track in July 1942. A total of 139 examples of this variant saw action at Anzio as a ground support weapon used to repel heavy German attacks. It was replaced by the M16 in April 1944.<ref name=Zaloga38 />
* M14 half-track – This variant had the same armament as the M13 but used the slightly different [[M5 half-track]] chassis built by International Harvester for the Lend-Lease Program. The M14 was mostly supplied to Britain, where they were converted back to regular half-tracks. A total of 1602 were produced by [[International Harvester]].<ref name=Zaloga38 />

== See also ==
* [[List of U.S. military vehicles by model number]]
* [[List of U.S. military vehicles by supply catalog designation]]

== References ==

=== Citations ===
((reflist|20em))

=== Bibliography ===
((refbegin))
* ((cite book |last=Berndt |first=Thomas |year=1993 |title=Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles |location=Iola, WI |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=0-87341-223-0))
* ((cite book |last=Berndt |first=Thomas |year=1994 |title=American Tanks of World War II |location=Minnesota, MN |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=0-87938-930-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/americantanksofw0000bern ))
* ((cite book |last1=Chamberlain |first1=Peter |last2=Ellis |first2=Chris |date=1969 |title=British and American Tanks of World War II |location=New York, NY |publisher=Arco Publishing Inc |isbn=0-668-01867-4))
* ((cite book |last=Doyle |first=David |date=2011 |title=Standard Catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles |edition=Second |location=Iola, WI |publisher=Krause Publications |isbn=978-1-4402-2572-7))
* ((cite book |editor=Foss, Christopher F. |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery 1987–1988 |year=1987 |publisher=Jane's Yearbooks |location=London, UK |isbn=0-7106-0849-7 |edition=Eighth))
* ((cite book |last=Green |first=Michael |date=2014 |title=American Tanks & AFVs of World War II |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-78200-931-3))
* ((cite book |last1=Green |first1=Michael|last2=Green|first2=Gladys |date=2000 |title=Weapons of Patton's Armies |url=https://www.google.com.au/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=ISBN1610607740&gws_rd=cr&ei=kH-qVMvpK6HUmAWNhYDYDQ |location=Minneapolis, MN |publisher=MBI Publishing Company |isbn=0-7603-0821-7))
* ((cite book |last1=Hogg |first1=Ian V. |last2=Weeks |first2=John S. |date=1980 |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=0-13-450817-3))
* ((cite book|last=Hunnicutt |first=R. P. |date=1992 |title=A History of the American Light Tank: Stuart |location=Navato, CA |publisher=Presidio Press |isbn=0-89141-462-2 |authorlink=R. P. Hunnicutt))
* ((cite book |last=Hunnicutt |first=R. P. |date=2001 |title=Half-Track: A History of American Semi-Tracked Vehicles |location=Novato, CA |publisher=Presidio Press |isbn=0-89141-742-7))
* ((cite book |last=Ness|first=Leland S. |date=2002 |title=Jane's World War II Tanks and Fighting Vehicles|location=London, UK |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=0-00-711228-9))
* ((cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon |year=2012 |title=Browning .50-Caliber Machine Guns |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84908-657-8))
* ((cite book |last1=Torriami |first1=Massimo |last2=Dennis |first2=Peter |year=2014 |title=Armies of the United States |series=Bolt Action |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-78200-958-0))
* ((cite book |last=Zaloga|first=Steven J.|authorlink=Steven Zaloga |year=1994 |title=M3 Infantry Half-Track 1940–1973 |series=New Vanguard |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=1-85532-467-9))
* ((cite book |last=Zaloga |first=Steven J |year=2013 |title=U.S. Armored Units in the North African and Italian Campaigns 1942–45 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0154-8))
((refend))

== Further reading ==
* ((cite book | title=Fifth Army History | publisher=Headquarters Fifth Army | author=Fifth United States Army | year=1945 | location=Italy | oclc=14818390 | volume=6))
* ((cite book |title=Blazing Skies: Air Defense Artillery on Fort Bliss, 1940–2009 |last=Hamilton |first=John A. |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-16-086949-5 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Government Printing Office))
* ((cite book |last=Morgan |first=Mark L. |year=2002 |title=Rings of Supersonic Steel: Air Defenses of the United States Army 1950–1979. An Introductory History and Site Guide |location=San Pedro, CA |publisher=Port MacArthur Press |isbn=978-0-615-12012-6))
* ((cite book |last=Vanderdeen |first=Bart H. |year=1972 |title=The Observer's Fighting Vehicles Directory: World War II |location=London, UK |publisher=Fredrick Warne |isbn=978-0-7232-1469-4))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Multiple Gun Motor Carriage M13))
* [http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_M13_MGMC.html M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage, History of War website]

((WWIIAmericanAFVs))

[[Category:World War II armored fighting vehicles of the United States|M13]]
[[Category:World War II half-tracks]]
[[Category:Half-tracks of the United States]]
[[Category:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons of the United States]]
[[Category:World War II self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage (edit)
Template:Abbr (view source) (protected)
Template:Br separated entries (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Commons category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Em dash (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Good article (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Has short description (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox weapon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:Mdash (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Plainlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Refbegin (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refbegin/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Refend (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Replace (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Sister project (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Top icon (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:WWIIAmericanAFVs (edit)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Convert (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Convert/text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ConvertNumeric (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:GetParameters (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Military navigation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WPMILHIST Infobox style (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to M13 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M13_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage"