Machine Gun, Caliber 7.62 mm, M219
M219 Machine Gun
Type	Machine gun
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	M73: 1959 M73A1: 1970 M219: 1972
Used by	U.S./NATO-aligned countries
Wars	Vietnam War
Production history
Designed	1950s
Produced	1950s — 1970s
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Mass	M73: 31 lb (14.1 kg) M73A1/M219: 29.8 lb (13.5 kg)
Length	48 in (1,219.2 mm)
Barrel length	24 in (609.6 mm)
Cartridge	7.62×51mm NATO
Action	Recoil-operated/short-recoil operation with gas assist
Rate of fire	500-625 round/min
Muzzle velocity	2,800 ft/s (853.44 m/s)
Effective firing range	984 yd (899.8 m)
Maximum firing range	4,000 yd (3,657.6 m)
Feed system	Belt Feed, left or right hand

The M73 and M219 are 7.62 mm NATO caliber machine guns designed for tank use. It is no longer in use by NATO countries. They were used on the M48 Patton and M60 Patton MBT series (including the M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle), as well as the MBT-70 prototype vehicles, and on the M551 Sheridan Armored Reconnaissance / Airborne Assault Vehicle (AR/AAV). They were also used in a twin mount in the turret of the V-100 Commando (M706) light armored car during the Vietnam War.

Design and development

Designed primarily as a coaxial machine gun by the Rock Island Arsenal and produced by General Electric, the M73 was developed as a replacement for the M1919A4E1, M1919A5, and M37 machine guns that continued to serve in the immediate post-World War II environment.

The Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73 was officially adopted in 1959. It is an air-cooled, recoil-operated machine gun, but also using cartridge gases to boost recoil. Though designed as a simplified alternative to the M1919 series, it is of almost identical weight. The weapon is fitted with a quick-change barrel, pull-chain charging assembly, and can be made to feed from the left or the right hand side (though the left-hand feed is more common).^[1]

An attempt to make the M73 useful as a flexible infantry gun saw the weapon fitted with sights and a pistol grip trigger as the Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73C. Equally unpopular, very few of these weapons were produced. Sources claim that it saw limited use in Vietnam.^[2]

The M73 suffered from numerous malfunctions and was prone to jamming. An improved M73E1 was eventually developed in 1970 with a simplified ejection system, being type classified as the Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M73A1. In 1972, it was decided that this weapon was sufficiently different from its predecessor and was redesignated Machine Gun, 7.62-MM, M219. These weapons were eventually replaced by the M60E2 and M240 machine gun, and vehicles still in service using the M73 series were refitted with these weapons.^[1][2]

Variants

M73

• Adopted in 1959

M73C

• Flexible infantry variant with sights and pistol grip. Concept development. Never entered service.
• Used a special tripod, the XM132. It was a standard M2 mount for the .30 cal. Browning M1919A4 with an adapter to fit the M73C.^[1]

M73A1/M219

• Developed in 1970 as an improved version with simplified ejection mechanism attempting to reduce chronic jamming
• Redesignated in 1972 as the M219