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((Short description|Language family))
((More citations needed|date=December 2019))
((Infobox language family
|name=Maa
|region=[[Kenya]] and northern [[Tanzania]]
|familycolor=Nilo-Saharan
|fam2=[[Eastern Sudanic languages|Eastern Sudanic]]
|fam3=[[Nilotic languages|Nilotic]]
|fam4=[[Eastern Nilotic languages|Eastern Nilotic]]
|fam5=[[Teso-Turkana languages|Ateker]]-[[Otuho language|Lotuko]]-Maa
|fam6=[[Otuho language|Lotuko]]–Maa
|fam7=[[Ngasa language|Ongamo]]-Maa
|child1=[[Samburu language|Samburu]]
|child2=[[Camus language|Camus]]
|child3=[[Maasai language|Maasai]]
|glotto=onga1238
|glottorefname=Ongamo–Maa
))

The '''Maa languages''' are a group of closely related [[Eastern Nilotic languages]] (or from a linguistic perspective, dialects, as they appear to be mutually intelligible) spoken in parts of [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]] by more than a million speakers. They are subdivided into North and South Maa. The Maa languages are related to the [[Lotuko language]]s spoken in [[South Sudan]].

==History==
In the past, several peoples have abandoned their languages in favor of a Maa language, usually following a period of intensive cultural and economic contact. Among peoples that have assimilated to Maa peoples are the [[Aasáx]] (Asa) and the [[El Molo people|El Molo]], former hunter-gatherers who spoke [[Cushitic languages]], and the [[Mukogodo-Maasai]] (Yaaku), former bee-keepers and hunter-gatherers ([[Eastern Cushitic languages|Eastern Cushitic]]). The [[Okiek language|Okiek]] of northern Tanzania, speakers of a [[Southern Nilotic languages|Southern Nilotic]] [[Kalenjin languages|Kalenjin]] tongue, are under heavy influence from Maasai.

==Languages==
((tree list))
*'''Maa'''
**Northern Maa
***[[Samburu language|Samburu]] (spoken by the [[Samburu people]])
***[[Camus language|Camus]] (or il-Chamus, the preferred autonym; sometimes considered a dialect of Samburu)
**Southern Maa
***[[Maasai language|Maasai]] (spoken by the [[Maasai people]]s)
***[[Ongamo language|Ngasa]] or Ongamo (extinct or at least [[endangered language|endangered]]; most speakers have shifted to [[Chaga language|Chaga]]) (Sommer 1992:380)
((tree list/end))

A Maa dialect is also spoken by the Baraguyu people of Central Tanzania, in an area known as the Makata Swamp near Morogoro, TZ.
Another Kenyan Maa variety once existed, [[Kore people|Kore]]. After being defeated by the Purko Maasai in the 1870s, the Kore fled to north-eastern Kenya where they were taken captive by [[Somali people]]. After functioning for years as clients or slaves in Somali households, they were set free by British imperial forces around the end of the 19th century. They have lost their own language and speak [[Somali language|Somali]]. Loss of cattle brought them to [[Lamu]] island in the second half of the 20th century, where they live nowadays.

==Reconstruction==
Proto-Ongamo-Maa has been reconstructed by Vossen & Rottland (1989).<ref>Vossen, Rainer and Franz Rottland. 1989. The historical reconstruction of Proto-Ongamo-Maa: phonology and vocabulary. In Bender, M. L. (ed.), Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics, 181-217. Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.</ref>

==References==
((reflist))
* Heine, Bernd & Vossen, Rainer (1980) 'The Kore of Lamu: A contribution to Maa dialectology', ''Afrika und übersee'', 62, 272&ndash;288.
* Vossen, Rainer (1982)  ''The Eastern Nilotes: Linguistic and Historical Reconstructions''.  Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. ((ISBN|3-496-00698-6)).
* Vossen, Rainer (1988) ''Towards a comparative study of the Maa dialects of Kenya and Tanzania'' (Nilo-Saharan 2.) Hamburg: Helmut Buske Verlag.
* Sommer, Gabriele (1992) 'A survey on language death in Africa', in Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.) ''Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa''. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp.&nbsp;301&ndash;417.

==External links==
*Maa Language Project, a website maintained by Doris L. Payne at the University of Oregon

((Eastern Sudanic languages))

((DEFAULTSORT:Maa Language))
[[Category:Maa languages| ]]
[[Category:Agglutinative languages]]
[[Category:Eastern Nilotic languages]]
[[Category:Languages of Kenya]]
[[Category:Languages of Tanzania]]

[[pt:Língua maasai]]

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