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((Short description|Largest earthquake in a sequence))
((refimprove|date=May 2021))
((Earthquakes))

In [[seismology]], the '''mainshock''' is the largest [[earthquake]] in a sequence, sometimes preceded by one or more [[foreshock]]s, and almost always followed by many [[aftershocks]].<ref>((Cite web|title=Earthquake Glossary|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/glossary/?term=mainshock#:~:text=The%20mainshock%20is%20the%20largest,always%20followed%20by%20many%20aftershocks.|access-date=2021-05-21|website=earthquake.usgs.gov))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Earthquake glossary: mainshock|url=https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/earthquakes/glossary/mainshock.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.volcanodiscovery.com))</ref><ref>((Cite web|title=Earthquake: Foreshock—Mainshock—Aftershock- Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology|url=https://www.iris.edu/hq/inclass/animation/earthquake_foreshockmainshockaftershock|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.iris.edu))</ref>

==Foreshock==
((Main|Foreshock))
A foreshock is an [[earthquake]] that occurs before a larger seismic event (the mainshock) and is related to it in both time and space. The designation of an earthquake as ''foreshock'', ''mainshock'' or [[aftershock]] is only possible after the full sequence of events has happened.<ref name="Gates">((cite book|last1=Gates|first1=A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1sXfJCiCHQC&q=foreshock+earthquake&pg=PA89|title=Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes|last2=Ritchie|first2=D.|publisher=Infobase Publishing|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8160-6302-4|page=89|access-date=29 November 2010))</ref>

== Aftershock ==
((Main|Aftershock))
In [[seismology]], an aftershock is a smaller [[earthquake]] that follows a larger earthquake, in the same [[Epicenter|area]] of the main shock, caused as the displaced [[Crust (geology)|crust]] adjusts to the effects of the main shock. Large earthquakes can have hundreds to thousands of instrumentally detectable aftershocks, which steadily decrease in magnitude and frequency according to [[Aftershock#Aftershock size and frequency with time|known laws]]. In some earthquakes the main rupture happens in two or more steps, resulting in multiple main shocks. These are known as [[Doublet earthquake|doublet earthquakes]], and in general can be distinguished from aftershocks in having similar magnitudes and nearly identical seismic [[Waveform|waveforms]].
==References==
((Reflist))((Seismology-stub))
[[Category:Seismology]]
[[Category:Types of earthquake]]

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