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((Short description|Drink from the Dominican Republic))
((Use dmy dates|date=May 2019))
((multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=July 2013))
((POV|date=October 2015))
))
[[File:mamajuana.jpg|thumb|right|Bottles of Mamajuana]]
'''Mama Juana''' (or '''Mamajuana''') is a [[Mulled wine|spiced]] [[alcoholic beverage]] made by infusing a mixture of [[rum]], [[red wine]], and [[honey]] with [[tree bark]] and [[herb]]s. The taste is similar to [[port wine]] and the color is a deep red. It originates in the [[Dominican Republic]].<ref name="The Rough Guide to the Dominican Republic" >((cite book |last1=Harvey |first1=Sean |title=The Rough Guide to the Dominican Republic |date=November 2002 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=9781858289120 |url-access=registration |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3A7z6IBk62MC|page=37 ))</ref>

The specific herbs that make up Mamajuana were originally prepared as a [[herbal tea]] by the native [[Taíno]]; post-[[Christopher Columbus|Columbus]], [[Alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] was added to the recipe.

==Etymology==
The term ''Mama Juana'' has the same French origins as the English word [[demijohn]], which refers to a large squat bottle with a short narrow neck, usually covered in [[wicker]]. It is thought to be derived from the French ''Dame Jeanne'' (Lady Jane), a term still used to describe this type of bottle. In the Spanish-speaking countries, Dame Jeanne was transformed into "damajuana", or ''Dama Juana'' and later, in the Dominican Republic, into ''Mama Juana'' (mother Jane). There are many different variations of recipes to make Mamajuana, since the name refers to the container or bottle originally used to prepare and store the [[Maceration (food)|maceration]], rather than to the finished product itself.((cn|date=October 2022))

==History==
[[File:Jesusrodriguezmamajuana.jpg|thumb|Rodriguez (left) and Tatico Henriquez (right) holding a glass jug of home-made Mama Juana]]

Mama Juana juices is considered one of the first distilled spirits in the Americas, even before rum, considering that early Spanish explorers mixed European alcohol with the [[Taíno]]s' herbal tea; this combination created the first Mama Juana.

During the dictatorship of [[Rafael Trujillo]], the sale of Mama Juana was prohibited, except by those with a medical license.

Mama Juana was popularized as a local herbal medicine and aphrodisiac in the 1950s by Jesus Rodriguez, a native of [[San Juan de la Maguana]]. Rodriguez would commute with others in trucks to [[Barahona Province|Barahona]], [[Azua Province|Azua]], [[Pedernales Province|Pedernales]], and many other provinces in the Dominican Republic to collect the stems needed to create the medicinal drink. He would reportedly use ''carne ce carey'' ([[leatherback turtle]] meat), which was the active ingredient that made the aphrodisiac. ((Citation needed|date=May 2013)) Rodriguez eventually would be known under the moniker "Mama Juana" by many of the locals, as well as [[Tatico Henriquez]] and other [[merengue típico]] artists, such as [[Trio Reynoso]] and [[El Cieguito De Nagua]], who were close friends of Rodriguez.

Another notable Mama Juana drinker was [[Porfirio Rubirosa]], the famous Dominican playboy, polo player, race-car driver, and secret agent. Rubirosa was famous for his sexual prowess, and was known to be an avid mama juana drinker, as mentioned in his biography, The Last Playboy.
[[File: Porfirio Rubirosa, circa 1954.jpg|thumb|Dominican playboy, [[Porfirio Rubirosa]].]]

==Preparation==
Mama Juana is a mixture of bark and herbs left to soak in rum (most often [[Rum#Grades|dark rum]] but the use of [[Rum#Grades|white rum]] is not uncommon), red wine and honey. The solid ingredients (local leaves, barks, sticks and roots) vary from region to region but usually include some of the following:
*Anamú (''[[Petiveria alliacea]]'')
*Anis estrellado (star anise, ''[[Illicium verum]]'')
*Bohuco pega-palo (''[[Cissus verticillata]]'')
*Albahaca (basil, ''[[Ocimum basilicum]]'')
*[[Canellaceae|Canelilla]] (''[[Cinnamodendron]] [[Cinnamodendron ekmanii|ekmanii]]'')
*Bojuco caro (''princess vine'')
*Marabeli (''[[Securidaca]] [[Securidaca virgata|virgata]]'')
*Clavo dulce (whole [[clove]])
*Maguey (''[[Agave]]'' spp.) leaves
*Timacle (''[[Chiococca alba]]'')

In addition to the above standard recipe, it is common for individuals to add other ingredients such as [[cinnamon]], [[raisin]]s, [[strawberry]], [[molasses]], and lemon or lime juice.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://damecacao.com/mamajuana-recipe/|title=Mamajuana Recipe|website=Dame Cacao|language=en-US|access-date=12 June 2019))</ref> Some recipes are said to include grated [[tortoiseshell]],<ref name="Pilcher2006">((cite book|author=Nicolas J. Pilcher|title=Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, 17 to 21 March 2003, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=048eAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2 June 2013|year=2006|publisher=Southeast Fisheries Science Center|page=198)) "An informant expressed that tortoiseshell can also be grated and added to mamajuana bottles."</ref> or [[sea turtle]] penis shaft for aphrodisiac effect.<ref name="Baker2009">((cite book|author=Christopher P. Baker|title=Explorer's Guide Dominican Republic: A Great Destination (Explorer's Great Destinations)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5eXynCrZYoC&pg=PT123|accessdate=2 June 2013|date=7 December 2009|publisher=Countryman Press|isbn=978-1-58157-907-9|pages=123–)) - "Herbs, and even honey (and sometimes fruits), find their way into the mix, as occasionally do marine turtle penises, said to impart the necessary qualities to turn mamajuana into a liquid Viagra."</ref> The concoction is usually kept at room temperature and served in a [[shot glass]].

==Consuming==

Mamajuana is available in three varieties:<ref>((Cite web|url=https://medium.com/mamajuana/what-is-mamajuana-4dc7704015e3|title=What is Mamajuana?|date=13 April 2017|website=Mamajuana|access-date=17 April 2017))</ref>
*Prepackaged dry ingredients, which the customer cures and macerates 
*Ready to drink, including the ingredients in the bottle 
*Ready to drink, filtered and bottled

[[File:Candela Mamajuana bottle in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.jpg|thumb|242x242px|Example of Candela, a premium Mamajuana.]]
The most common way of consuming mamajuana in the Dominican Republic is neat ([[Straight up (bartending)|straight up]]) or as a room-temperature shot.

With the popularization of ready to drink brands, there has been a growing interest for mamajuana amongst mixologists. Many bars, restaurants and other on-premise establishments now offer mamajuana recipes in their beverage programs.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.drinkcandela.com/about-mamajuana/|title=About Mamajuana|website=Candela|language=en-US|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517170120/https://www.drinkcandela.com/about-mamajuana/|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.drinkcandela.com/mamajuana-cocktails/|title=Mamajuana Cocktails|website=Candela|language=en-US|access-date=17 April 2017))</ref>

In recent years, the consumption of mamajuana has seen a sharp rise, with commercial brands becoming available in the Dominican Republic and internationally. Premium brands, such as [https://drinkcandela.com Candela] and economy brands can be purchased in duty-free shops, resorts and liquor stores.

Besides the Dominican Republic, there has also been an increase in mamajuana consumption in [[Miami]], [[New York City|New York]], [[New Jersey]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[Spain]], [[Norway]], [[Germany]], [[Portugal]], [[Chile]], Cuba and [[Peru|Perú]]. With the introduction of commercial brands Mamajuana is becoming known worldwide.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.drinkcandela.com/our-story/|title=Our Story|website=Candela|language=en-US|access-date=17 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517191453/https://www.drinkcandela.com/our-story/|archive-date=17 May 2017|url-status=dead))</ref>

==References==
((reflist))((Commons|Mamajuana))

((Honey-based alcoholic drinks))((Alcoholic drinks))

[[Category:Herbal liqueurs]]
[[Category:Honey liqueurs and spirits]]
[[Category:Dominican Republic cuisine]]
[[Category:Caribbean drinks]]

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