The Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers (French: Régiments de marche de volontaires étrangers, RMVE) were temporary formations of the Foreign Legion organized from Foreign volunteers during World War II . These regiments were formed on 16 September 1939:
On September 16, 1939, the war minister decided to form special corps of foreign volunteers part of the Foreign Legion. They were part of the Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers.[2]
They were created at the corps of the Foreign Legion at Le Barcarès in October 1939 and May 1940. They recruited in principal from the Foreign Workers Companies (French: compagnie de travailleurs étrangers),[3] essentially Spaniards from the Retirada,[4] who represented 1/3 (one third) of formations, while the Foreign Jews who enlisted voluntarily constituted 40% (forty percent) of formations. These regiments were not well equipped and other units referred to them by derision as "twine regiments" (French: Régiments de ficelles). The 21e, 22e and 23e RMVE did not have an active central corps, nor did they have Legion reserve back-ups, not even "cadres" from Sidi bel-Abbès, only the exception of a couple of Legion Officers. To differentiate themselves, the traditional colors were inverted and were "Red & Green". Without Legion traditions, they fought and upheld nevertheless the same conviction. While not being well equipped, these three regiments as well as the 12th Foreign Infantry Regiment 12e REI deserved the designation of "twine regiments", since they were the works of miracles at the gates of Paris, in Picardy, in the Ardennes and in Lorraine.
The 1st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 1erRMVE was created at Barcarès in the Pyrénées-Orientales, in order to receive the foreign volunteers for the course of the war. The organization of the Marching Regiment included regimental units and three infantry battalions. On February 25, 1940, the 1er RMVE was designated as 21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers (21e RMVE). Strong with 2800 men, the regiment left Barcarès on April 30, in reinforcement of the Maginot Line. On May 25, the regiment was called for immediately, into the region of Verdun. Incorporated into the 35th Infantry Division, the regiment combat engaged during the night from June 8 to June 9. Despite exemplary resistances, the regiment had to unfold on Aire, in Argonne. Following a new combat engagement, while being heavily surrounded and tested with great force, the 21e RMVE was retrieved from the front on June 14, only to be reorganized. With the armistice being signed, the regiment would no longer pursue combat. Put to the test harshly twice, having lost half of formations, the 21e RMVE was dissolved in July 1940.
The insignia was created in 1939, by colonel Debuissy, first regimental commander of the 1er RMVE, then the 21er RMVE (October 1939 - June 1940). The 21e RMVE has worn the insignia with the number « 1 » featured in the bomb of the grenade.
22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers - 22e RMVE
The 2nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 2e RMVE was created on October 24, 1939 at Barcarès in the Pyrénées-Orientales. The organization of the regiment consisted of three regimental formations and three infantry battalions. Ranks were filled with volunteers from forty seven nationalities. On February 25, 1940, the 2e RMVE was designated as 22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers (22e RMVE). At the beginning of May, the regiment was in Alsace and on May 19, the regiment made way towards Somme south of Péronne, Somme. From May 22 to May 26, the regiment held his sector, regaining the apprehension of villages several times over again, in Fresnes-Mazancourt, Misery, Somme and Marchélepot, and also defended the route towards Paris, south of Péronne. Losses were heavy. These formations, composed of Spanish Republicans and Jews from Central Europe in majority, combat engaged with such a determination, that on June 5,6,7, while being completely surrounded at Villers-Carbonnel, near Péronne, and heavily bombarded by artillery and aviation, the regiment resisted during 48 hours to all the attacks. During the unfolding, the battalions succumbed one after the other, due to the depletion of ammunition, and while the men refused to surrender, they engaged this time in close corps-a-corps combat near de Marchelepot.[5]
The insignia was created in 1940, by colonel Villiers-Moriamé, first regimental commander of the 2e RMVE, then the 22e RMVE (October 1939 - May 1940).
23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers- 23e RMVE
Similarly to the previous world war, numerous foreign volunteers requested to serve in the ranks of the French Army.
To this effect, were created in October 1939, at camp Le Barcarès, in the Pyrénées-Orientales, the 21st and 22nd Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers. Their ranks were filled with the representation of 47 nationalities.
These two regiments were first deployed in Alsace in May 1940 then were directed in the Ardennes at the beginning of hostilities.
The 21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers 21e RMVE was integrated into the 35th Infantry Division [fr] (French: 35e Division d'Infanterie) and deployed south of the Ardennes. The regiment held his sector (all along the Marne–Rhine Canal (French: Canal de la Marne au Rhin)) for three consecutive weeks. During the unfolding of the regiment, the latter delivered combat against the German troops around the village of Sainte-Menehould.
The regiment illustrated capability in the sector of Buzancy, Ardennes - Le Mort-Homme on June 9 and 10 1940 then at the Grange au Bois.
^Evelyn Mesquida, La Nueve, 24 août 1944. Ces républicains espagnols qui ont libéré Paris, Paris, Le Cherche-Midi, 2011, collection « Documents ». ISBN978-2-7491-2046-1, p. 60
^Jacques Semelin, Persécutions et entraides dans la France occupée. Comment 75 % des Juifs en France ont échappé à la mort. Éditions du Seuil / Éditions des Arènes, 2013. ISBN978-2-35204-235-8. p. 77
Bibliographies
Le livre d’or de la Légion étrangère (1831-1955), Jean Brunon et Georges Manue, éditions Charles Lavauzelle et Cie, 1958.
Livre d'or du 22e RMVE : 1939-1945 par amicale des anciens du 22e Régiment de Marche de Volontaires étrangers.
Naissance, vie et disparition du 21e RMVE en 1939–1940. Édité en 1961. In 8 de 75 pages. Képi blanc
Fred Samuel, Mémoires d'un joaillier, éditions du Rocher, Paris, 1992 ISBN978-2268012322
France
Foreign Legion
