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((Short description|German tank destroyer))
((for|the infantry fighting vehicle|Marder 1))
((more citations needed|date=June 2013))
((Italic title))
((Infobox weapon
| name               = Marder I
| image              = Marder-I-Saumur.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = ''Marder'' I on display at the [[Musée des Blindés]] at Saumur.
| origin             = Nazi Germany
| type               = [[Tank destroyer]]
 <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          =
| is_bladed          =
| is_explosive       =
| is_artillery       =
| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_missile         =
| is_UK              = yes <!-- to display parameter with ou spelling -->
 <!-- Service history -->| service            = 1942((ndash))1944
| used_by            = [[Nazi Germany]]
| wars               = [[World War II]]
 <!-- Production history -->| designer           =
| design_date        = 1942
| manufacturer       =
| unit_cost          =
| production_date    =
| number             = 170
| variants           = <!-- General specifications -->
| weight             = ((cvt|8,200|kg|lb))
| length             = ((convert|5.38|m|ftin|abbr=on))
| part_length        =
| width              = ((convert|1.88|m|ftin|abbr=on))
| height             = ((convert|2|m|ftin|abbr=on))
| diameter           =
| crew               = 4 to 5
 <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = 5((ndash))12 mm
| primary_armament   = [[7.5 cm Pak 40]]
| secondary_armament =
| engine             = [[Delahaye]] 103TT
| engine_power       = ((cvt|70|PS|hp kW))
| transmission       =
| payload_capacity   =
| fuel_capacity      =
| pw_ratio           = ((cvt|8.4|hp|kW)) / tonne
| suspension         =
| clearance          =
| vehicle_range      = ((cvt|135|-|150|km|mi)) road
| speed              = ((ubl|((cvt|34|-|38|km/h|mph)) road|((cvt|15|-|20|km/h|mph)) off-road))
| guidance           =
))

The '''''Marder I''''' "[[Marten]]" ([[Sd.Kfz.]] 135) was a [[Nazi Germany|German]] [[World War II]] [[tank destroyer]], armed with a 75&nbsp;mm Pak-40 anti-tank gun. Most Marder Is were built on the base of the [[Lorraine 37L|''Tracteur Blindé'' 37L (Lorraine)]], a French artillery tractor/[[armoured personnel carrier]] of which the Germans had acquired more than 300 units after the [[Battle of France|Fall of France]] in 1940.

==History==
((unreferenced section|date=July 2022))
[[Image:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-297-1701-29, Im Westen, Panzer "Marder I".jpg|thumb|left|Marder I, 1943]]
From the early stages of [[Operation Barbarossa]] the [[Wehrmacht]] became aware that their ability to combat some of the Soviet tanks was inadequate. The lighter tanks then in general service, such as the [[Panzer II]] and the Czech built [[38(t)]], were under-armoured and did not mount an adequate gun to deal with the newer Soviet tanks. In addition, the standard towed anti-tank gun of the Wehrmacht, the 37&nbsp;mm [[3.7 cm Pak 36]], was both difficult to get into position quickly and lacked the ability to penetrate the heavy sloped armour of the new Soviet tanks.  What was needed was a more powerful anti-tank gun that was mobile. The Germans possessed such a gun in the 75&nbsp;mm [[7.5 cm Pak 40]]. They also had come into possession of a large number of captured Soviet [[76-mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22)|76 mm F-22 Model 1936]] divisional field guns. The Germans had experience in taking the chassis of an under-gunned tank to provide mobility to a heavier gun. The ''[[Panzerjäger I]]'' is such an example, where the turret was removed for an open conversion to allow the gunners the necessary room to operate the gun.((citation needed|date=July 2022))

With the shock of having units overrun by new Soviet [[T-34]] medium tanks and [[Kliment Voroshilov tank|KV-1]] heavy tanks, the need for a heavier-gunned German tank became urgent.  As an interim solution, it was decided to use captured French vehicles such as the [[Lorraine 37L|Lorraine]], and less effective German tanks such as the Panzer II and Panzer 38(t) as the basis for makeshift tank destroyers. The result was the ''Marder'' series, comprising the Marder I, [[Marder II]], and [[Marder III]] respectively.  These vehicles provided mobility to either the [[7.62 cm Pak 36(r)]] (a conversion of the 76&nbsp;mm F-22 Model 1936) gun or in later versions the German 7.5&nbsp;cm Pak 40 anti-tank gun. Due to the weight and space constraints of the small chassis, the ''Marder'' series were not fully armoured. Thin upper armour protection was provided only for the front and sides against shrapnel and small arms only. All ''Marder'' series had open tops. Some were issued with canvas covers to protect the crew from the elements. The Marder series were not a proper ((Lang|de|[[Panzerjäger]]|italic=no)) that could exchange fire with enemy tanks.((citation needed|date=July 2022))

==Development==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-300-1865-05, Frankreich, Rommel bei 21. Pz.Div..jpg|left|thumb|Marder I of the 21st Panzer in Normandy, converted from Hotchkiss, 1944.]]
The ''Marder'' I was developed in May 1942 by Major [[Alfred Becker]].  It carried the 75&nbsp;mm Pak 40 anti-tank gun on a Lorraine [[chassis]].  As the gun was relatively large, the original crew compartment superstructure was removed to create the space needed to work the gun.  This was done by [[Alfred Becker#Baukommando Becker|''Baukommando Becker'']], an organization in occupied France converting French armoured fighting vehicles for internal security use.  The gun was then mounted atop the chassis. [[Alkett]], working in conjunction with Becker, produced the angled armour shielding for the crew compartment.<ref name="Restayn">Restayn, Jean ''Kommando Becker''. German Military Magazine (in German)</ref> The shielding was relatively light, and was open from above.  The shielding provided the crew with protection from blast and [[small arms]] fire, but was not intended to stop armour piercing rounds. The vehicle's primary function was to provide mobility to the anti-tank gun. It was not intended as a replacement for a tank.

Between July and August 1942, 170 ''Marder'' Is were built on the Lorraine chassis.  Later, several other French and Polish tanks were used as the conversion base for the ''Marder''&nbsp;I, including the [[Hotchkiss H35|Hotchkiss H39]] and [[FCM 36]]. These conversions were also completed in 1942 by ''Baukommando Becker'' at the [[Hotchkiss et Cie|Hotchkiss plant]] on the outskirts of Paris, 24 Hotchkiss tanks were converted into a ''Marder'' I, the ''7,5 cm Pak 40 (Sf) auf Geschützwagen 39H(f)''. The Marder Is initially served in infantry divisions on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] and met with good success. They later made up a significant component of the armoured fighting vehicles of the reformed [[21st Panzer Division]] in Normandy.

==Combat history==
((citation style|section|date=December 2018))
The first Lorraine-based ''Marder'' I vehicles were sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]] in 1942 to serve in the ''Panzerjäger'' (tank destroyer) units of infantry divisions.

This is a list of Infantry Divisions operating on the Eastern Front known to have used ''Marder'' Is and the estimated time frame they were used((Citation needed|date=December 2021))

{| class="wikitable"
! Division
! Battalion
! Time frame
|-
|[[31st Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|31.Inf. Div]]||Pz. Jg.Abt.31||Aug 42 - Dec 43
|-
|[[35th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|35.Inf. Div]]||2.Kp./Pz. Jg.Abt.35||Sep 42 - Dec 43
|-
|[[36th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|36.Inf. Div (mot)]]||4.Kp./Pz. Jg.Abt.38||Oct 42 - Jun 43
|-
|[[72nd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|72.Inf. Div]]||3.Kp./Pz. Jg.Abt.72||Sep 42 - Dec 43
|-
|[[German 206th Infantry Division|206th Inf. Div.]]||1./Pz. Jg.Schn. Abt.206||Jan 43 - Dec 43
|-
|[[256th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|256.Inf. Div]]||5./Pz. Schnelle-Abt.256||Nov 42 - Apr 44
|-
|[[227th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)|227. Inf. Div]]||~2. &/or 3.Kp. Pz. Jg.-Abt.227||Dec 42 - late 43|
|}

"On 14 August 1942, ... Gen.Qu. was requested to include 72 - 7.5cm Pak40 (Marder I) Lorraine on Blitztransport trains." (6 initially noted divisions issued 9 and then 10 Marder I "in accordance with K.St.N.1148a dated 15Feb42 for a Panzerjäger-Kompanie (9 Sfl.)" then "10 7.5cm Pak40/1 auf Sfl. Lorraine-Schlepper and organized in accordance with K.St.N.1148a dated 1Dec42."<ref>Panzer Tracts, 7-2</ref>  
[[Alfred Becker]] notes: "By Christmas 1942 almost all of Becker’s men had reached Paris. In exchange for the men Becker provided the commander of the 227th Infantry Division with 20 of his armoured vehicles.[22]".((citation needed|date=December 2021))  This follows on from the ground breaking pre-Pz. div. developmental use of the Becker's first conversion vehicles: 12x [[10.5 cm leFH 16 Geschützwagen Mk VI 736 (e)]] & six of the larger 15&nbsp;cm sFH13 guns on Mk VI 736(e) by the 227th Inf. Div.

"Two additional leFH18/4 (Sf.) mounted on Lorraine Schlepper chassis were completed with a modified superstructure (similar in design and purpose to the 38t Grille sIG 33, with an additional 12 built for and used by the 2 PzGren Regts of 21 Pz. div.) and delivered in early December 1942 as a new Sturmgeschütz-Zug for the 15.Batterie/Artillerie-Regiment 227."  (Of 227th Inf.Div.).<ref>Pz Tr No. 10</ref>

"An additional 64 sFH13 (after the first 30 built in June 42 and shipped to Rommel) were mounted on Lorraine-Schlepper chassis at Wa A Paris in July and August 1942.  Gepanzerte Artillerie-Regiment 1 (Sfl) and 2 (Sfl) were each issued 30 sFH14 auf Sfl. To fill their five batteries.".<ref>Pz Tr No. 10</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-297-1701-11, Jagdpanzer "Marder I".jpg|Marder I being prepared to detrain
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-297-1701-34, Im Westen, Jagdpanzer "Marder I".jpg|Marder I towing its ammunition trailer
File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101I-297-1701-21, Im Westen, Panzerjäger "Marder I".jpg|Marder I with driver visible
File:The British Army in Normandy 1944 B8791.jpg|Men of the 6th Airborne Division investigate a Marder I (H39 chassis) they had destroyed
</gallery>

==See also==
===Comparable vehicles===
* German [[Marder II]] and [[Marder III|III]]
* Italian [[Semovente da 75/34]]
* Romanian [[TACAM T-60]] and [[TACAM R-2]]
* Soviet [[SU-76]] and [[ZiS-30]]
* Spanish [[Verdeja#Self-propelled howitzer|Verdeja 75 mm]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons|Marder tank destroyer))
* [http://www.lonesentry.com/ordnance/marder-i-french-chassis.html Marder I (Panzerjaeger Lr S 7,5 cm Pak 40/1 on French chassis), Catalog of Enemy Ordnance, U.S. Office of Chief of Ordnance, 1945] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120921233832/http://www.lonesentry.com/ordnance/marder-i-french-chassis.html |date=2012-09-21 ))
* [http://www.achtungpanzer.com/marder-marten-series.htm Marder Series, Achtung Panzer] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418121218/http://www.achtungpanzer.com/marder-marten-series.htm |date=2018-04-18 ))

((WWIIGermanAFVs))
((Authority control))

[[Category:World War II tank destroyers of Germany]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944]]

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