Margaret of Norfolk or Margaret of Brotherton, Duchess of Norfolk in her own right (sometimes surnamed as "Margaret Marshal";[1] c. 1322–24 March 1399), was the daughter and eventual sole heir of Thomas of Brotherton, eldest son of King Edward I of England by his second marriage. In 1338, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal. In 1397, she was created Duchess of Norfolk for life.
Family
Margaret (b. about 1322), was the daughter of Thomas of Brotherton and Alice de Hales (d. in or before 1330). Her paternal grandparents were King Edward I and Margaret of France (1279?–1318), daughter of King Philippe III of France (d.1285).[2] Her maternal grandparents were Sir Roger de Hales of Hales Hall in Loddon, Roughton, Norfolk by his wife Alice Skogan.[3][4] She had a brother and sister:
In 1335, Margaret was married to John Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, and had four children - two sons and two daughters - by him. In 1350, she sought an annulment on the grounds that they had been contracted in marriage (in other words, betrothed) before she was of marriageable age, and that she had never consented to cohabit with him. She made known her intention of travelling to the continent in order to plead personally with the Pope for an annulment. King Edward III prohibited her from leaving England, but she set off incognito anyway, having taken care to obtain safe conduct from King Philip VI of France.
Edward III's motivations were also to keep Margaret's children legitimate. If Margaret's marriage to her husband was annulled, then her children with John de Segrave, 4th Baron Segrave, would be considered illegitimate, damaging Edward III's plans for their marriages into the royal House of Plantagenet. John de Segrave, the son and heir of Margaret and the 4th Baron Segrave, was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, the younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, a second cousin of the King, and one of the King's most trusted captains. However, the marriage contract was later declared void.
Two years after the double marriage, and a year following Margaret's request for an annulment (1351), Edward III charged Margaret with having crossed the English Channel, in contravention of his prohibition.[10] The inquisition, regarding this incident, shows that Margaret unlawfully crossed the Channel and met with a servant of her future husband, Sir Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny, who broke his lantern with his foot so she could pass unnoticed, and acted as her guardian during her sojourn in France. This incident and the involvement of her future husband's retainer may indicate the real motivation for Margaret seeking an annulment.
The annulment case was ultimately heard by the Pope's auditor, the Dean of St. Hilary's at Poitiers. However, Margaret's first husband died in 1353, before the annulment could be finalized. Shortly thereafter, and just before 30 May 1354, she married Walter Manny, 1st Baron Manny without the King's license. They were married for 18 years, and had three children before he died in London on 8 or 13 January 1372.[11]
The executors of her will are reported to be John Sileby and Walter fitz Piers, who in 1399 were reported to be attempting to recover money due to her estate.[12]
Framlingham Castle
Residence
She was most likely born at Framlingham Castle in Suffolk, England while her father Thomas de Brotherton was the 1st Earl of Norfolk. The castle had been given to her father by her uncle, King Edward II before her birth and so it was her childhood home. She inherited the castle herself on her father's death
John de Segrave (d. before 1 April 1353), second of that name, who was contracted to marry Blanche of Lancaster, younger daughter and coheiress of Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster. However, the contract was later declared void[9] and Blanche later married John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III. About 1349, a double marriage was solemnized in which John Segrave married Blanche Mowbray, while John's sister, Elizabeth Segrave, married Blanche Mowbray's brother, John. Pope Clement VI granted dispensations for the marriages at the request of Lancaster, in order to prevent 'disputes between the parents', who were neighbours.[7][8][9]
Isabel Manny, who was living in 1358, but died without issue before 30 November 1371.[9]
Distinction
As her brother had died without issue, she succeeded to the earldom of Norfolk and the office of Earl Marshal at her father's death in 1338. To date, she is the only woman to have held the latter office.
Fictional representations
Margaret is a character in Georgette Heyer's last novel My Lord John, where she is portrayed sympathetically as a kindly though outwardly formidable old lady. She is saddened by the death of so many of her children and grandchildren, in particular, the death by drowning of her infant son Thomas Mauny. In her last years, she is shown as being gravely concerned for the future of England, due to the misrule of her cousin King Richard II.
Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 380–385.
Cokayne, George Edward (1949). The Complete Peerage, edited by Geoffrey H. White. Vol. XI. London: St. Catherine Press. pp. 609–610.
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN978-1449966393.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN978-1449966348.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
