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((Short description|Main goddess of pre-Christian Basque mythology))
((About|the Basque goddess|the Indian goddess sometimes known as "Mari"|Mariamman))
((Multiple issues|
((confusing|date=September 2016))
((disputed|date=September 2016))
((Refimprove|date=January 2008))
((expand Basque|date=October 2022))
))
[[Image:Mari euskal jainkosa.jpg|thumb|250px|Modern rendering of Mari by Josu Goñi]]

'''Mari''', also called Mari Urraca, Anbotoko Mari ("the lady of [[Anboto]]"), and Murumendiko Dama ("lady of [[Murumendi]]"), is the main [[goddess]] of the pre-Christian [[Basques|Basque]] mythology. She is married to the [[deity|god]] [[Sugaar]] (also known as Sugoi or Maju). Legends connect her to the weather: when she and Maju travel together [[hail]] will fall, her departures from her cave will be accompanied by storms or droughts, and which cave she lives in at different times will determine dry or wet weather: wet when she is in [[Anboto]]; dry when she is elsewhere (the details vary). Other places where she is said to dwell include the chasm of Murumendi, the cave of [[Gurutzegorri]] ([[Ataun]]), [[Aizkorri]] and [[Aralar Range|Aralar]], although it is not always possible to be certain which Basque legends should be considered as the origin.

== Etymology ==
[[Image:Amboto 01.jpg|thumb|300px|Anboto is one of the mountains where Mari is supposed to live]]
It is believed that Mari is a modification of Emari (gift) or Amari (mother + the suffix of profession) by losing the first vowel. The closeness in names between [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Mary]] and Mari may have helped pagans adapt their worship of Mari to undertake Christian veneration of the [[Virgin Mary]],<ref>This derives from articles in the ''Enciclopedia General Ilustrada del Pais Vasco'' ''[[Encyclopedia Auñamendi]]'', which in turn cite ''Euskalerriaren Yakintza'', Tomo I "Costumbres y supersticiones", by folklorist [[Resurrección María de Azkue]] (1864-1951). It notes that additional legends were recorded by [[Jose Miguel Barandiaran]] and [[Juan Thalamas Labandibar]].</ref> (((lang-eu|Andre Maria)), Biscayan: ((Lang|eu-biscayan|Andra Mari))). The first known written citation of the "Dame of Amboto" was made by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]'s chronicler [[Esteban de Garibay Zamalloa]] in his [[Memorial histórico español]].<ref>[[Esteban de Garibay Zamalloa]], ''Memorial histórico español: colección de documentos, opúsculos y antigüedades'', Tomo VII.</ref>

==Myths associated with Mari==
Mari is the main character of [[Basque mythology]], having a god-like nature, unlike other creatures that share the same spiritual environment. Mari is often witnessed as a woman dressed in red. She is also seen as a woman of fire, woman-tree and as thunderbolt. Additionally, she is identified with red animals (cow, ram, horse), and with the black he-goat. Mari is associated with various forces of nature, including [[thunder]] and [[wind]].

Mari lives underground, normally in a cave in a high mountain, where she and her consort [[Sugaar]] meet every Friday (the night of the ''[[Akelarre (witchcraft)|Akelarre]]'' or witch-meeting) to conceive the storms that will bring fertility, or sometimes disaster, to the land and the people. Mari is served by a court of ''[[sorginak]]'' (witches), and is said to feed "on the negation and affirmation" (that is, on falsehood).

==Christianization==
[[Saint Marina of Aguas Santas|Santa Marina]], a saint revered in the [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]], is a Christianized version of Mari. Basque women still invoke Santa Marina's protection against curses and for aid in childbirth.

The most accepted syncretism is with the Virgin Mary; she is widely venerated by modern Catholic Basques.

==See also==
((Commons category|Mari (Basque goddess)|Mari))
*[[Mariamman]]
*[[Sugaar]]
*[[Sorginak]]
*[[Basajaun]]
*[[Lamia (Basque mythology)]]
*[[Aatxe]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
*[http://www.buber.net/Basque/Folklore/aunamendi.mythology.php Mari and other Basque legends], Buber Basque Page

==Further reading==
*Luis de Barandiarán Irízar (editor), ''A View From The Witch's Cave: Folktales of The Pyrenees'' (Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1991). ((ISBN|0-87417-176-8))
*[[Toti Martínez de Lezea]] "Leyendas de Euskal Herria". Erein 2004

((Authority control))

[[Category:Basque goddesses]]
[[Category:Sky and weather goddesses]]
[[Category:Textiles in folklore]]

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