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((Short description|Mother of the Brontë sisters (1783–1821)))
((More citations needed|date=January 2018))
((Use dmy dates|date=August 2020))
((Use British English|date=August 2020))
((Infobox person
| name               = Maria Branwell
| image              = Maria Branwell.JPG
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = ((Birth date|1783|04|15|df=y))
| birth_place        = 
| death_date         = ((Death date and age|1821|09|15|1783|04|15|df=y))
| death_place        = 
| other_names        = 
| known_for          = 
| occupation         = 
| nationality        = 
| spouse             = ((marriage|[[Patrick Brontë]]|1812))
| children           = ((ubl|[[Maria Brontë]]|[[Elizabeth Brontë]]|[[Charlotte Brontë]]|[[Branwell Brontë]]|[[Emily Brontë]]|[[Anne Brontë]]))
| relatives          = [[Elizabeth Branwell]] (sister)
))
'''Maria Branwell''' (15 April 1783<ref>"Chapter 8. People called Branwell." ''BRONTË TERRITORIES: CORNWALL AND THE UNEXPLORED MATERNAL LEGACY, 1760-1860'', Melissa Hardie, 2019. Edward Everett Root; Illustrated edition (30 November 2019), p.134. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</ref> – 15 September 1821) is best known as being the mother of British writers [[Emily Brontë]], [[Anne Brontë]], [[Charlotte Brontë]] and of their brother [[Branwell Brontë]], who was a poet and painter. Maria married [[Patrick Brontë]] on 29 December 1812.

==Early life==
[[File:Maria Branwell's House-2.jpg|thumb|Maria Branwell's House, Penzance|alt=Maria Branwell's House, Penzance|left]]
Maria Branwell was the eighth child of 12 born to Anne Carne and Thomas Branwell in [[Penzance]], [[Cornwall]],<ref name=kk>((cite web|url=https://www.bronte.org.uk/the-brontes-and-haworth/family-and-friends/mrs-bronte|title=Mrs Brontë ((!)) Bronte Parsonage Museum|website=www.bronte.org.uk|accessdate=21 November 2019))</ref> although only five daughters and one son grew to adulthood. Thomas Branwell was a successful merchant and owned many properties throughout the town. The men of the Branwell family took part in the town's public life. Maria's brother Benjamin was mayor in 1809.<ref name=kk/> 

The family were prominent [[Methodists]]. Thomas' sister and two of his daughters married clergymen of Wesleyan leanings: his sister Jane married John Fennell in 1790; his daughter Jane Branwell married [[John Kingston (publisher)|John Kingston]] in 1800; and Maria married [[Patrick Brontë]] in 1812. The first [[Wesleyan Methodist Church (Great Britain)|Wesleyan Methodist]] chapel was built in Penzance in 1814, and the Branwells were instrumental in having this built.

==Courtship and marriage==
Maria met Patrick Brontë in 1812 when visiting her aunt Jane (her father's sister) and uncle John Fennell in [[Yorkshire]] after four family deaths between 1808 and 1812, including both of her parents. Maria moved to Yorkshire to help her aunt with the household management of a new Methodist training school. John Fennell, a former schoolmaster and Methodist class leader in Penzance and [[Wellington, Shropshire]], was appointed headmaster of the newly opened [[Woodhouse Grove School]] at [[Rawdon, West Yorkshire|Rawdon]], for the sons of Methodist ministers in 1812. Patrick, during his curacy in Wellington, had known John Fennell in Shropshire's Wesleyan circles.

When Fennell was invited to the Yorkshire headship, he needed external examiners for his students and invited Patrick to serve in that capacity at Woodhouse Grove. Maria and Patrick 'loved at first sight' and married within the year. They were married on 29 December 1812 at [[St. Oswald's Church, Guiseley|Guiseley Parish Church]] by mutual friend Reverend [[William Morgan (1782–1858)|William Morgan]], who, on the same day, married Jane and John Fennell's daughter, Jane Branwell Fennell.<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2256/images/32355_249477-00065?pId=18684441 "West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1512-1812 for Maria Branwell."] Guiseley, St Oswald: Marriages 1812, p.122. West Yorkshire Archive Service; Wakefield, Yorkshire, England; Yorkshire Parish Records; New Reference Number: WDP29/3/3. Ancestry.com, 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</ref> 
[[File:St_Oswald_Guiseley._-_geograph.org.uk_-_417366.jpg|thumb|Branwell married [[Patrick Brontë]] at [[St. Oswald's Church, Guiseley]]]]
Befitting the close family that the Branwells were, also married on that day at the same hour were Maria's youngest sister, Charlotte, to her cousin Joseph Branwell at the parish church of [[Madron, Cornwall|Madron]] in Cornwall.((citation needed|date=December 2023))

==Later life==
Maria and Patrick's first home was Clough House in [[Hightown, West Yorkshire|Hightown]]. Their first two children, [[Maria Brontë|Maria]] and [[Elizabeth Brontë|Elizabeth]], were born there in 1813/1814 and 1815.<ref>Patricia Ingham (2006): ''The Brontës'' (Oxford University Press), p. xii.</ref> Their second home was in [[Thornton, West Yorkshire|Thornton]], where their remaining children were born: 

* [[Charlotte Brontë|Charlotte]] (1816)
* [[Branwell Brontë|Patrick Branwell]] (1817)
* [[Emily Brontë|Emily Jane]] (1818)
* [[Anne Brontë|Anne]] (1820)<ref>Glen, Heather. The Cambridge Companion to the Brontës. Cambridge companions to literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.</ref> 

In 1820 the Brontës moved to [[Haworth]]. After moving to Haworth, Maria sickened with what may have been [[Uterus|uterine]] or [[Ovary|ovarian]] cancer, or chronic [[Pelvis|pelvic]] sepsis and [[Anemia|anaemia]] brought on by the birth of her youngest daughter Anne.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.annebronte.org/2017/04/17/remembering-maria-mother-of-the-brontes/|title=Remembering Maria: Mother Of The Brontës|website=www.annebronte.org|date=17 April 2017 |accessdate=13 August 2020))</ref> Whatever the cause, Maria died seven and half months later, suffering a long agony; Anne was only twenty months old. 

Maria was buried on 22 September 1821 at Haworth. [[William Morgan (1782–1858)|William Morgan]] performed the burial ceremony.<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2254/images/33069_256553-00094?pId=10702460 "Maria, the wife of Patrick Bronte A.B, Minister of this Church."] Haworth, St Michael and All Angels: Burials 1821, No.740, p.93.''West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-1985,'' West Yorkshire Archive Service; Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. Ancestry.com, 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.</ref>

==Works==
The only work besides letters that Maria wrote was the essay "The Advantages of Poverty, In Religious Concerns." The essay can be found in the book ''Life and Letters'' by [[Clement Shorter]].

==See also==
((Portal|Cornwall))
*[[Brontë family]]

==References==
((reflist))

== External links ==
*[http://victorian-era.org/maria-branwell.html Background and Early Life of Maria Branwell] at [http://victorian-era.org/ Victorian Era England & Life Of Victorians]

*[https://www.cornwalls.co.uk/history/people/maria_branwell.htm Maria Branwell - Mother of the Brontë sisters] at [https://www.cornwalls.co.uk/ The Cornwall Guide]
((Brontë sisters))
((authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Branwell, Maria))
[[Category:1783 births]]
[[Category:1821 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century English people]]
[[Category:19th-century English non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:18th-century British women]]
[[Category:19th-century English women writers]]
[[Category:19th-century English writers]]
[[Category:British women essayists]]
[[Category:Brontë family]]
[[Category:Women of the Regency era]]
[[Category:Writers from Cornwall]]
[[Category:People from Penzance]]
[[Category:Cornish Methodists]]
[[Category:Deaths from ovarian cancer]]
[[Category:English essayists]]

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