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Maria of Portugal
Queen consort of Castile and León
Tenure1328–1350
Born9 February 1313
Died18 January 1357(1357-01-18) (aged 43)
Évora
Burial
Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville.
SpouseAlfonso XI of Castile
IssuePeter of Castile
HousePortuguese House of Burgundy
FatherAfonso IV of Portugal
MotherBeatrice of Castile
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Maria of Portugal (Portuguese pronunciation: [mɐˈɾiɐ]) (9 February 1313 – 18 January 1357) was a Portuguese princess who became Queen of Castile upon her marriage to Alfonso XI in 1328.[1] She was the eldest daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and his wife Beatrice of Castile.[2]

Life

In 1328, Maria married Alfonso XI of Castile.[3] As part of the dower, King Alfonso gave her Guadalajara, Talavera de la Reina and Olmedo.

The relationship between Maria and Alfonso was unhappy: Alfonso had a relationship with Leonor de Guzmán who gave him ten children, including the future King Henry II of Castile. Maria did not participate in the affairs of the court, being replaced by the royal mistress Leonor, and it is quite likely that she spent long periods secluded at the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville.[1]

In 1335, Maria returned to her father in Évora, who demanded that Alfonso separated from Leonor by use of alliances with the Pope, the Muslims and rebels inside Castile, and finally by an invasion. In the peace treaty of Seville in July 1340,[4] Alfonso agreed to have Leonor imprisoned in a convent, thereby securing the support of the king of Portugal in the Battle of Río Salado which was fought on 30 October 1340, although, once the military conflict had been resolved, he returned to his lover and did not fulfill the promise he had made to the Portuguese monarch.

At the death of Alfonso, on 26 March 1350, Maria secured a power position by exerting influence upon the leader of her son's council, João Afonso de Albuquerque. She participated in the rebellion against her son in 1354, and turned over Toro to the rebels, which caused his imprisonment. After this, she returned to Portugal.

Children

Death and Burial

The tomb of Maria of Portugal at the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville.

Maria had executed a will in Valladolid on 8 November 1351 in which she asked to be buried at the Royal Chapel of the Cathedral of Seville where her husband Alfonso XI had been buried and that, if his remains were transferred to another church, hers should also be transferred and buried alongside her husband.[6]

She died in Évora on 18 January 1357 and was buried there until, against the wishes expressed in her will, her remains were transferred to the Royal Monastery of San Clemente in Seville. In 1371, King Henry II had ordered that his father, King Alfonso XI, should receive burial at the Royal Collegiate Church of Saint Hippolytus in Córdoba and at the same time, he probably decided that Maria, who had been responsible for his mother's death, should be buried at the monastery in Seville.[7] The gravestone made of simple tiles at the monastery mentions that she is buried there with two "tender infants".[a]

  • See adjacent text

    Coat of arms of Maria of Portugal as Queen Consort of Castile

Notes

  1. ^ Until recently, it was believed that she and King Alfonso had been the parents of the firstborn, Fernando, who died as an infant a few months after his birth. The reference to another infant in the tombstone is also mentioned in some parchments discovered in 1813 when the remains buried at the church of the Monastery were exhumed. These parchments mention that two infants had been buried with their mother, Queen Maria.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b Borrero Fernández 1991, p. 66.
  2. ^ Previte-Orton 1960, p. 902.
  3. ^ Estow 1995, p. 5.
  4. ^ Dutra 2013, p. 37.
  5. ^ a b Guillén 2020, p. 120.
  6. ^ Borrero Fernández 1991, p. 67.
  7. ^ a b Borrero Fernández 1991, p. 69.

Bibliography

Royal titles VacantTitle last held byConstance of Peñafiel Queen consort of Castile and León 1328–1350 VacantTitle next held byBlanche of Bourbon
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