Mariano Ponce y Collantes (Spanish: [maɾjˈano pˈonθe]; March 22, 1863 – May 23, 1918) commonly known as just Mariano Ponce was a Filipino physician, writer, statesman, and active member of the Propaganda Movement. In Spain, he was among the founders of La Solidaridad and Asociación Hispano-Filipino. Among his significant works was Efemerides Filipinas, a column on historical events in the Philippines which appeared in La Oceania Española (1892–1893) and El Ideal (1911–1912). He wrote Ang Wika at Lahi (1917), a discussion on the importance of a national language. He also served as Bulacan's representative to the Philippine Assembly from 1909 to 1912.
Biography
The Mariano Ponce Memorial (Birthplace) and Museum in Baliwag, BulacanThe Mariano Ponce House and Commemorative Marker
Ponce was born in Baliuag, Bulacan (to born to Mariano Ponce and Maria Collantes, with siblings Vicente Ponce, Fransisco Ponce, Jacinto Ponce, Carmen Ponce, Pedro Ponce and Consolacion Ponce) where he also completed his primary education. He completed his secondary education at the private school of Juan Evangelista, Hugo Ilagan, and Escolastico Salandanan in Manila. He later enrolled at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and took up medicine at the University of Santo Tomas. In 1881, he traveled to Spain to continue his medical studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
There he joined Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano López Jaena, José Rizal and others in the Propaganda Movement. This espoused Filipino representation in the Spanish Cortes and reforms in the Spanish colonial administration of the Philippines. Ponce was the co-founder of La Solidaridad with fellow co-founder Graciano López Jaena. He was also the head of the Literary Section of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, created to aid the Propaganda Movement where he served as secretary.[2]
In La Solidaridad, his works included daily editorials on history, politics, sociology and travel. Ponce used several pen names, including "Naning", his nickname; "Kalipulako", named after Lapu-Lapu; and "Tigbalang", a supernatural being in Filipino folklore.[3]
Ponce was imprisoned when the revolution broke out in August 1896 and was imprisoned for forty eight hours before being released. Fearing another arrest, he fled to France and later went to Hong Kong where he joined a group of Filipinos and Chinese Filipinos, who served as the international front of the Philippine revolution.
In 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo chose him to represent the First Philippine Republic. Ponce was tasked to draft a framework of the revolutionary government. In 1898, Emilio Aguinaldo selected him as a diplomatic representative of the First Republic to Japan. He traveled to Japan to seek aid and purchase weapons. During his stay he met with the founder and First President of the Chinese Republic; Sun Yat-Sen.[4] Through discussions and negotiations, Dr. Sun and Ponce became close friends. Dr. Sun introduced Ponce to a Japanese Filipino man named José Ramos Ishikawa, who assisted Ponce in purchasing weapons and munitions for the revolution. The shipment, unfortunately failed to reach the Philippines due to a typhoon off the coast of Formosa.[3]
Mariano returned to Manila with his wife, a Japanese girl named Okiyo Udanwara.[5] In 1909, he was made director of "El Renacimiento" (The Renaissance). He joined the "Nacionalista Partido" (National Party) and established "El Ideal" (The Perfect), the party's official organization. Ponce later ran for a seat in the Philippine Assembly and was elected assemblyman for the second district of Bulacan in 1909. Ponce wrote his memoirs, "Cartas Sobre La Revolución" (Letters on the Revolution), he died in the Government Civil Hospital in Hong Kong, on May 23, 1918. His remains were originally interred in the Cementerio del Norte, Manila.[1] His remains were transferred and currently interred in the Art Deco Ponce family mausoleum in Baliuag Catholic Cemetery, according to local historian Rolando Villacorte.
Ponce family mausoleumPonce tombsPonce family graves
Ponce is buried with Okiyo Udangawa Ponce (1880-1942) Udanwara or Udagawa, his samurai wife, sibling Jacinto Ponce (1864-1937, with memorial in Jacinto Ponce Elementary School, Tangos, Baliuag), Mariano Ponce Gonzalez ("Tia Mary" June 15, 1912-October 16, 2000) and Marianito Ponce Gonzalez (September 23, 1938-January 30, 1999).
