5 million year history, representing the Lisiecki and Raymo (2005) LR04 Benthic Stack
Marine Isotope Stage 13 or MIS 13 is a Marine isotope stage in the geologic temperature record, in Britain covering the Cromerian interglacial period between ~524,000 and 474,000 years ago. It is split into three substages, MIS 13a MIS 13b, and MIS 13c. Some records indicate that MIS 13a was an unstable warm peak with a cold split in the middle at MIS 13.12 - separating warm MIS 13.11 and 13.13.[1] This interglacial follows the relatively warm glacial period associated with Marine Isotope Stage 14,[2] and is followed by the relatively cold glacial period associated with MIS 12.
Sites
Britain
High Lodge, Suffolk
Waverley Wood, Warwickshire
Happisburgh 1, Norfolk
Boxgrove, West Sussex
Ecology
Flora
Early domination of birch, pine, and spruce. Mixed-oak forests follow (predominantly Alder, Oak, Hornbeam, and Hazel).
^Bassinot, Frank C.; Labeyrie, Laurent D.; Vincent, Edith; Quidelleur, Xavier; Shackleton, Nicholas J.; Lancelot, Yves (August 1994). "The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 126 (1–3): 91–108. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.126...91B. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(94)90244-5.
