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((Infobox weapon
| name               = Mark 17 nuclear bomb
| image              = Mk17 bomb.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| type               = Thermonuclear gravity bomb
| origin             = [[United States]]
<!-- Type selection -->
| is_explosive       = yes
<!-- Service history -->
| service            = 1954-1957
| wars               = [[Cold War]]
<!-- Production history -->
| designer           = [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
| design_date        = 1954
| manufacturer       = 
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = '''EC-17:''' Mar-Oct 1954<br>
'''Mk-17:''' Jul 1954-Nov 1955
| number             = '''EC-17:''' 5 <br>
'''Mk-17:''' 200
<!-- General specifications -->
| mass               = '''EC-17:''' ((cvt|39600|lb|kg))<br>
'''Mk-17:''' ((cvt|41400-42000|lb|kg))
| length             = ((convert|24|ft|8|in|m)) 
| diameter           = ((convert|61.4|in|m))
<!-- Explosive specifications --> 
| filling            = 
| filling_weight     = 
| detonation         = [[Air burst]]
| yield              = '''EC-17:''' ((cvt|11|MtTNT|PJ)), [[Castle Romeo]] test<br>
'''Mk-17:''' ((cvt|15|MtTNT|PJ))
))
((Short description|American hydrogen bomb))
((Refimprove|date=July 2007))
[[File:Mk17 bomb.png|thumb|300px|Drawing of a Mark 17 bomb]]

The '''Mark 17''' and '''[[Mark 24 nuclear bomb|Mark 24]]''' were the first [[Mass production|mass-produced]] [[hydrogen bomb]]s deployed by the [[United States]]. The two differed in their "primary" stages. They entered service in 1954, and were phased out by 1957.

==Design and development==
Design and development originated when [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] proposed that a bomb design using [[lithium hydride#Lithium deuteride|lithium deuteride]] with non-enriched lithium was possible. The new design was designated TX-17 on February 24, 1953. The TX-17 and 24 were tested as the "Runt" ([[Castle Romeo]] shot) device during [[Operation Castle]] in 1954.<ref>Parsons and Zaballa 2017, p. 64.</ref> After the successful tests, basic versions of the Mk 17 and 24 were deployed as part of the "Emergency Capability" program.

The MK 17/24 bombs were ((convert|24|ft|8|in|m)) long, ((convert|61.4|in|m)) diameter. They weighed ((cvt|42000|lb|kg)). The Mark 17 had a yield of ((convert|15|MtTNT)).<ref name="Gib">Gibson 1996, p.92.</ref> 200 Mk 17s and 105 Mk 24s were produced, all between October 1954 and November 1955. The Mark 17 and Mark 24 were identical in all respects save for the design of their primary section.<ref name="Gib"/>  They were the largest nuclear weapons ever put into service by the United States; only the [[Convair B-36 Peacemaker]] was capable of carrying them.<ref name="Rhodes">Rhodes 1995, p.761.</ref>

The bomb used manual in-flight insertion (IFI) that required a crewmember to crank a handle that was inserted into a hole in the nose of the bomb. This process inserted the weapon's pit into the implosion assembly.<ref>((Cite report| publisher = Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)| last1 = Crompton, J| last2 = Kohut, F A| title = Aircraft Modification for the Mk 17 and the Mk 24 Atomic Bombs| accessdate = 2022-11-19| date = August 1958| url = https://www.osti.gov/opennet/detail?osti-id=16340165| page = 11| archive-date = 2022-11-19| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221119055752/https://www.osti.gov/opennet/detail?osti-id=16340165| url-status = live))</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Mk 17 thermonuclear bomb, Strategic Air Command Memorial in Fort Worth NAS JRB, TX.jpg|thumb|A Mark 17 on display at the [[Strategic Air Command]] Memorial in [[Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base]] at [[Carswell Field]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Texas]]
A total of five EC 17 and ten EC 24 bombs subsequently entered stockpile and were added between April and October 1954. The EC weapons were quickly replaced with Mk 17 Mod 0 and Mk 24 Mod 0 bombs in October and November 1954. Those weapons included a ((convert|64|ft|m|adj=mid|-diameter)) parachute to allow the delivery aircraft to escape. With the addition of [[in-flight insertion]] of the primary capsule to prevent a nuclear explosion in case of an accident, the weapons were upgraded to the Mod 1 standard. The inclusion of a [[contact fuze]] upgraded some bombs to the Mod 2 version, allowing the bombs to be used against "soft" targets (air burst), or buried targets such as command bunkers (contact burst).

Due to the introduction of smaller and lighter weapons such as the [[Mark 15 nuclear bomb|Mk 15]], as well as the pending retirement of the only aircraft capable of carrying them, the [[Convair B-36|B-36]], the Mk 24s were withdrawn by October 1956, with the Mk 17s withdrawn by August 1957.

==1957 incident==
[[File:Mark17CAM.jpg|thumb|right|A Mark 17 on display at the [[Castle Air Museum]]]]
On May 27, 1957 a Mark 17 was unintentionally jettisoned from a B-36 just south of Albuquerque, New Mexico's [[Kirtland Air Force Base|Kirtland AFB]]. The device fell through the closed bomb bay doors of the bomber, which was approaching Kirtland at an altitude of ((convert|1700|ft|disp=flip)). The device's conventional explosives destroyed it on impact, leaving a crater ((convert|25|ft|disp=flip)) in diameter and ((convert|12|ft|disp=flip)) deep.<ref>((cite news|title=Accident Revealed After 29 Years: H-Bomb Fell Near Albuquerque in 1957|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-27/news/mn-14421_1_hydrogen-bomb|access-date=31 August 2014|agency=Associated Press|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 27, 1986|archive-date=2014-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195156/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-27/news/mn-14421_1_hydrogen-bomb|url-status=live))</ref> Though a [[Nuclear chain reaction|chain reaction]] was impossible because the [[plutonium pit]]s were stored separately on the plane as a safety measure, the incident spread [[radioactive contamination]] and debris over a ((convert|1|mi|km|adj=mid|-wide)) area. The military thoroughly cleaned up and decontaminated the site although a few fragments of the bomb - some still radioactive - are occasionally found in the area. A marker was placed on the site in 1996 by the [[Center for Land Use Interpretation]], however it was subsequently removed.<ref>Ausherman 2015, p.158.</ref>

==Survivors==
Five MK 17/24 casings are on display to the public:
* [[National Museum of Nuclear Science & History]] located at [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]], New Mexico.
* The [[Strategic Air Command]] Memorial at [[Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base]] at [[Carswell Field]] in [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]], Texas.
* The [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] in [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]], Ohio has a Mk 17/24 casing on display in its Cold War Hangar.
* The [[Strategic Air and Space Museum]] in [[Ashland, Nebraska|Ashland]], Nebraska.
* [[Castle Air Museum]], Atwater, Ca

==See also==
* [[List of nuclear weapons]]
* [[List of military nuclear accidents]]
* [[Castle Bravo]]
* [[Teller-Ulam design]]

== References ==
((Commons category|Mark 17 nuclear bomb))

===Citations===
((Reflist))

===Bibliography===
((refbegin))
*((cite book|last=Ausherman|first=Stephen|title=Walking Albuquerque|year=2015|publisher=Wilderness Press|location=Birmingham, Alabama|isbn=978-0-89997-767-6))
*((cite book |last= Cochran |first= Thomas |author2= William Arkin |author3= Milton Hoenig |title= Nuclear Weapons Databook, Volume I, U.S. Nuclear Forces and Capabilities |year=1984 |publisher= Ballinger |location= Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn=0-88410-173-8)).
*((cite book |last= Hansen |first=Chuck |author-link= Chuck Hansen |title= U.S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History |year=1988 |publisher= Aerofax |location= Arlington, Texas |isbn= 0-517-56740-7)).
*((cite book |last=Gibson |first= James N. |title= Nuclear Weapons of the United States |year=1996 |publisher= Schiffer Publishing |location= Altglen, Pennsylvania |isbn= 0-7643-0063-6)).
*((cite book |last=Parsons|first=Keith M. |author2= Robert A. Zaballa |title=Bombing the Marshall Islands: A Cold War Tragedy |year=2017 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |location= Cambridge, UK |isbn=978-1-107-04732-7))
*((cite book |last=Rhodes |first=Richard |author-link= Richard Rhodes |title= Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb |url=https://archive.org/details/darksunmakingofh00rhod |url-access=registration |year=1995 |publisher= Simon & Schuster |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-684-80400-2))
((refend))

((United States nuclear devices))

[[Category:Cold War aerial bombs of the United States]]
[[Category:Nuclear bombs of the United States]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1950s]]

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