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((Short description|Greek rebetiko musician))
((More citations needed|date=August 2009))
((Use American English|date=September 2011))((Use dmy dates|date=October 2015))
((Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name              = Markos Vamvakaris
| image             = File:Markos Vamvakaris rebetiko musician as a young man.jpg
| caption           = Markos Vamvakaris
| image_size        = 250
| background        = solo_singer
| birth_name        = Markos Vamvakaris
| birth_date        = ((Birth date|df=yes|1905|5|10))
| birth_place       = [[Ano Syros]], [[Syros]], Greece
| death_date        = ((death date and age|df=yes|1972|2|08|1905|5|10))
| death_place       = [[Nikaia, Attica|Nikaia]], Greece
| instrument        = Singer, [[bouzouki]], composer
| genre             = ((flagicon|Greece)) ''[[Rebetiko]]''
| occupation        = Musician, songwriter, artist
| years_active      = 1932–early 1960s
| label             = [[Columbia Records]], [[Parlophone]], [[Odeon Records|Odeon]], [[His Masters Voice]], [[RCA Victor]]
| spouse            = ((unbulleted list|((marriage|Eleni Mavroeidi|1923|1924|reason=divorced))|((marriage|Evangelia Vergiou|1943))))
))

'''Márkos Vamvakáris''' (((lang-el|Μάρκος Βαμβακάρης)); 10 May 1905 – 8 February 1972), was a ''[[rebetiko]]'' musician. He is universally referred to by ''rebetiko'' writers and fans simply by his first name, Márkos. The great significance of Vamvakaris for the rebetiko is also reflected by his nickname: the "[[patriarch]] of the rebetiko".<ref>Vamvakaris, 1978.</ref>

==Biography==

[[File:The Famous Quartet of Pireaus about 1934.jpg |right|thumb|upright=1.1|Members of The Famous Quartet of Pireaus, (l. to r.) Stratos Pagioumtzis, Markos Vamvakaris, Yiorgos Batis and Anestis Delias.]]

Vamvakaris was born on 10 May 1905 in [[Ano Syros]] (or Ano Khora), [[Syros]], Greece. He was the first of six children, while his family belonged to the sizeable [[Catholic Church in Greece|Roman Catholic community of island]].

At the age of twelve, in the false belief that he was wanted by the police, Vamvakaris fled Syros for the port of [[Piraeus]]. He worked as a stevedore, a [[coal|pit-coal]] miner, a shoe-polisher, a paperboy, a butcher, and other odd jobs. He heard a [[bouzouki]] player playing, and vowed that if he did not learn to play the instrument in six months he would chop off his own hand with a cleaver (he was working in the public [[abattoir]]s at the time). He learned bouzouki, becoming an innovative virtuoso player, and began to write songs of his own. At first he often played in clandestine [[hashish]]-smoking establishments known as ''tekés''; later he and his band, which included [[Giorgos Batis]], [[Anestis Delias]] and [[Stratos Pagioumtzis]] played in more legitimate clubs and taverns. They were extremely popular, and Markos made many recordings. His initial nickname among the rebetes was "the Frank" (Fragos).

[[Spyros Peristeris]], a well-educated musician and repertory manager and orchestra leader for several [[Record label|recording companies]], persuaded Vamvakaris to record his songs sung with his own voice. Vamvakaris recorded his first rebetiko disc, ''Na'rchósouna re magka mou'' (''Να 'ρχόσουνα ρε μάγκα μου'') in 1932. Among other songs in that period, he wrote the classic love song ''"Frankosyriani"'' (''Φραγκοσυριανή'').

After the liberation of Greece from the occupation of [[Nazi Germany]], difficult times persisted, but his kind of music was no longer fashionable. He also suffered badly with [[arthritis]] in his hands which crippled his bouzouki playing, and from [[asthma]] that hampered his singing. The slump in his fortunes lasted until the early 1960s when, after initiatives by [[Vassilis Tsitsanis]], many of his old songs were revived and sung by singers including [[Grigoris Bithikotsis]], and [[Stratos Dionysiou]]. Vamvakaris died on 8 February 1972 at the age of 66.

Markos' composing style was utterly simple: minimal orchestration, melodic lines stripped of any embellishment, and lyrics as devoid of ornamentation as possible. His [[strophic]] masterpiece "''Your eyelashes shine''" is a typical example of his art. It consists of just three short couplets, each sung twice to the same melodic phrase, with clauses reversed for the second time, and with a single instrumental phrase interspersed between them: <blockquote> 
:''Your eyelashes shine''
::''like the flowers of the meadow.''
:''Your eyes, sister,
::''make my little heart crack.''
:''Search till you're blind:''
::''you won't find another like me.</blockquote>
As the years pass, his towering contribution to Greek music emerges. All other Greek composers, of his time and afterwards, revere him as their master teacher, and [[Mikis Theodorakis]] remarked: "''We all, we are but branches of a tree. Markos is that tree''".

==Discography==
Markos may be heard on many of the anthology CDs listed in the rebetiko discography. CDs of his own which may be available in English language countries include:
* ''Markos Vamvakaris Bouzouki Pioneer: 1932–1940'' Rounder Select, 1998.
* ''Rembetika 5-Master of Rembetika 1932-193 [Box set] (4 discs)'' Jsp Records, 2010.
* ''The Road to Rembetica'' Trad. Crossroads, 2010 (accompanying CD to the Book by [[Gail Holst]] – see References section)

==Personal life==
Markos married his first wife with a Catholic marriage. After their divorce (for which he wrote a song), he married his second wife, Evangelia, with a Greek Orthodox marriage. He had three sons: Vasilis, Stelios (a musician also) and Dominikos.

==In popular culture==
[[Stavros Xarchakos]] and [[Nikos Gatsos]] wrote a song called ''Gramma sto Marko Vamvakari'' (Letter to Markos Vamvakaris, Greek: Γράμμα στο Μάρκο Βαμβακάρη), sung by [[George Dalaras]] and actress Despo Diamantidou. Also, Thodoros Derveniotis and Kostas Virvos wrote ''Markos'', sung by Kaiti Abavi. Markos Vamvakaris is also mentioned in the following songs:
*''Deka palikaria'' (Ten lads, Greek: Δέκα παλικάρια) by [[Manos Loïzos]] and [[Lefteris Papadopoulos]], sung by George Dalaras
*''Ihes thalasses sta matia'' (You had seas in your eyes, Greek: Είχες θάλασσες στα μάτια) by Elias Andriopoulos and Michalis Bourboulis, sung by Antonis Kalogiannis
*''I mikri istoria tis Marinas'' (The short story of Marina, Greek: Η μικρή ιστορία της Μαρίνας) by Dionysis Tsaknis
*''Rock feggari'' (Rock moon, Greek: Ροκ φεγγάρι) by Andreas Mexas and Vasilis Mastrokostas, sung by [[Paschalis Terzis]]
*''San ton Samouil sto Kougi'' (Like Samuel in Koughi, Greek: Σαν τον Σαμουήλ στο Κούγκι) by [[Tzimis Panousis]]
*''Sto retire'' (In the penthouse, Greek: Στο ρετιρέ) by Angelos Axiotis, sung by Antonis Kalogiannis
*''Ta mesimeria tis Kyriakis'' (Sunday afternoons, Greek: Τα μεσημέρια της Κυριακής) by Giorgos Hatzinasios and Yiannis Logothetis, sung by Manolis Mitsias
* Graphic novel ''Rébétiko'' by [[David Prudhomme]] (Futuropolis, 2009)

==Notes==
((reflist))

==References==
* Markos Vamvakaris, ''Autobiography'' (Μάρκος Βαμβακάρης- Αυτοβιογραφία – Εκδ. Παπαζήση, 1978), published by Papazisi, 1978 (in Greek)
* ''Road to Rembetika: Music of the Greek Sub-culture [Paperback] by Gail Holst (Author)'', Denise Harvey (Publisher); 5th edition (February 1994), ((ISBN|960-7120-07-8))

==External links==
* [http://www.greeklines.com Markos Vamvakaris Autobiography in English]
* [https://www.amazon.fr/dp/6180014337?ref_=pe_3052080_397514860&fbclid=IwAR2ZA8XrLQRhCyrjE2hlyXJzWltQAFB4Zh8zQEk15pu9lBxQAYDe1yMJl0E Markos Vamvakaris Autobiography in French]
* ((IMDb name|2711742))
*  [https://web.archive.org/web/20110827183641/http://rebetiko.sealabs.net/wiki/mediawiki/index.php/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%92%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%82#.CE.94.CE.B9.CF.83.CE.BA.CE.BF.CE.B3.CF.81.CE.B1.CF.86.CE.AF.CE.B1 Vamvakaris Biography and Discography (in Greek)]
* [http://www.syros.com.gr/en/syros-island/sightseeing/markos-vamvakaris-museum The Markos Vamvakaris Museum]
* There is a 2001 documentary made of his life and times, entitled "I Like Hearts Like Mine", by George C. Zervas, in Greek with English subtitles: http://www.der.org/films/i-like-hearts-like-mine.html

((rembetika))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Vamvakaris, Markos))
[[Category:1905 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ano Syros]]
[[Category:Greek Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:20th-century Greek male singers]]
[[Category:Greek male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Greek singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Rebetiko musicians]]
[[Category:Greek bouzouki players]]
[[Category:Cannabis music]]

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