Marshallese cuisine comprises the fare, foods, beverages and foodways of the Marshall Islands, including its food-related customs and traditions.[1][2] Common indigenous and traditional foods include breadfruit, coconut, bananas, papaya, seafood, pandanus and bwiro. Additional imported foods, such as rice and flour, are also a part of people's diets and contribute to the cuisine as well. The practice of food preservation is a part of the history of the islands, and continues to occur today.
Common foods and dishes
Fish at the Marshall Islands
Foods and dishes consumed on the Marshall islands includes breadfruit, bananas, coconut, papaya, rice and rice dishes such as sticky rice balls, seafood,[3] fish and fried fish, coconut crab,[4] chicken, pork, clams, sashimi, sea turtles and coconut water.[5] Breadfruit is a staple food,[a] as is fish, with an average Marshallese fish consumption amount consisting of 240 pounds annually.[5] Fishing is a common activity on the islands, and there are 50 various phrases and words in the Marshallese language devoted to fishing techniques alone.[5] Several foods, such as rice, flour, sugar and tea are imported into the islands, and are sometimes used to supplement foods that are indigenous to the islands.[2]
Traditional foods, dishes and customs
Foods play a significant role in celebrations and special events on the islands.[1] In Marshallese culture, it is a custom for foods to be provided to the Iroij, chiefs in the Marshall Islands, as a form of recognition and respect.[1]
Some traditional foods and dishes include pandanus, breadfruit, including bwiro, a breadfruit dish consisting of breadfruit paste that is fermented, wrapped in banana leaves and cooked in an underground oven, roasted breadfruit and mashed taro root.[5]Copra, the dried meat or kernel of the coconut, is a significant export of the Marshall islands, and is used to make oil by pressing.[5]
In Marshallese culture, a kemem is a celebration party that commences upon a child's first birthday.[5] At kemems it is traditional for a plethora of Marshallese and other various foods and dishes to be served, and along with food consumption, guests are typically encouraged to take some sort of household item from the home of the party.[5] In Marshallese culture, a family's generosity is sometimes considered as relative to the family having a lessened amount of material items left after the kemen is over.[5]
Food preservation
Food preservation has been an historic part of Marshallese culture and food security on the islands, and continues to be practiced today, although not as much as in the past.[1] A dried pandanus paste continues to be produced by people on the northern atoll Ratak Chain islands of Ailuk, Likiep and Mejit, where it is referred to as mokwan, and also by people on the Ralik Chain islands of Ujae, Lae and Wotho, who refer to the paste as jããnkun.[1] When properly prepared, the pandanus paste is storable and remains edible for years.[1] Bwiro, the fermented and cooked breadfruit dish, can be preserved "for many months without spoiling".[7]
^"Breadfruit, long a standard starchy staple of Marshallese cuisine, was discovered to be the most important and socially shared traditional Marshallese food."[6]
^ abPollock, Nancy J. (2004). "Chapter 13: Reconstruction Diets for Compensation for Nuclear Testing in Rongelap, Marshall Islands". Researching Food Habits: Methods and Problems. Anthropology of food and nutrition. Berghahn Books. pp. 169–180. ISBN978-1-57181-545-3. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
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