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((short description|56th Governor of Maryland))
((Use mdy dates|date=October 2011))
((more citations needed|date=September 2015))
((Infobox officeholder
|name          = Marvin Mandel
|image         = 1marvinmandel.JPG
|caption       = Mandel in 2008
|office        = Chair of the [[National Governors Association]]
|term_start    = June 4, 1972
|term_end      = June 3, 1973
|predecessor   = [[Arch A. Moore Jr.]]
|successor     = [[Daniel J. Evans]]
|order1        = 56th [[Governor of Maryland]]
|lieutenant1   = [[Blair Lee III]]
|term_start1   = January 7, 1969
|term_end1     = January 17, 1979<br>On leave: June 4, 1977 – January 15, 1979*
|predecessor1  = [[Spiro Agnew]]
|successor1    = [[Harry Hughes]]
|office2       = [[List of Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates|Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates]]
|term_start2   = February 1964
|term_end2     = January 1969
|predecessor2  = [[A. Gordon Boone]]
|successor2    = [[Thomas Hunter Lowe]]
|birth_date    = ((birth date|1920|4|19))
|birth_place   = [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], U.S.
|death_date    = ((death date and age|2015|8|30|1920|4|19))
|death_place   = [[Compton, Maryland]], U.S.
|resting_place = Lakemont Memorial Gardens, [[Davidsonville, Maryland]], U.S.
|party         = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|spouse        = Barbara Oberfeld ((small|(1941–1974)))<br>[[Jeanne Dorsey Mandel|Jeanne Blackistone Dorsey]] ((small|(1974–2001)))
|education     = [[University of Maryland, College Park]] ((small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])))<br>[[University of Maryland, Baltimore]] ((small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])))
|footnotes     = ((small|*[[Blair Lee III]] served as Acting Governor.))
|signature     = Marvin Mandel signature.svg
))
'''Marvin Mandel''' (April 19, 1920&nbsp;– August 30, 2015) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 56th [[List of Governors of Maryland|Governor of Maryland]] from January 7, 1969, to January 17, 1979, including a one-and-a-half-year period when [[Lieutenant Governor of Maryland|Lt. Governor]] [[Blair Lee III]] served as the state's acting Governor in Mandel's place from June 1977 to January 15, 1979.<ref name=archives1>((cite web |url=https://msa.maryland.gov/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001487/html/msa01487.html |title=Marvin Mandel (1920–2015) ''Biographical Series''; Governor of Maryland, 1969–1979 (Democrat)|author=<!--Not stated--> |date= 2 September 2015|website= Archives of Maryland, MSA SC 3520-1487 |publisher= Maryland State Government|access-date= 11 September 2018))</ref><ref name=archives2>((cite book |last=White |first=Frank F. Jr.|date=1970|title=The Governors of Maryland 1777–1970|url=https://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/001400/001487/html/1487bio2.html |location=Annapolis|publisher=The Hall of Records Commission|pages=311–315|isbn=978-0942370010|access-date= 11 September 2018))</ref> He was a member of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]], as well as Maryland's first, and to date, only Jewish governor.<ref name=wpost>((cite news|first=Bart |last=Barnes |title=Marvin Mandel dies; ex-Md. governor's scandals overshadowed state's progress  |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/2015/08/30/5c81807c-cb19-11df-9d4b-b3162f8c4d72_story.html |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=2015-08-30 |access-date=2015-09-06))</ref><ref name=wpost1985>((cite news|first=Richard|last=Pearson |title=Blair Lee III, Former Acting Governor Of Maryland and Noted Politician, Dies  |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1985/10/27/blair-lee-iii-former-acting-governor-of-maryland-and-noted-politician-dies/12934f21-e2d9-4870-aafc-f3330974a803/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |date=1985-10-27 |access-date=2015-09-06))</ref><ref name="NGA page">((cite web|title=Marvin Mandel|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_maryland/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mandel_marvin.html|publisher=National Governors Association|access-date=7 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119095311/http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_maryland/col2-content/main-content-list/title_mandel_marvin.html|archive-date=19 January 2012))</ref>

Before he became the state's Governor, Mandel had been [[Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates]] from 1964 to 1969 and a delegate since 1952.

Mandel was elected as [[Governor of Maryland]] on January 7, 1969, by the joint vote of both houses of the [[Maryland General Assembly]] due to the approaching vacancy created by the election of [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro T. Agnew]], the incumbent governor, as [[Vice President of the United States]], as there was no lieutenant governor at the time to succeed to the governorship, as in most other states. Such an office was created by amendment in 1970.<ref>((cite web|title=Lieutenant Governor origin & Functions|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/08conoff/ltgov/html/02ltgovf.html|publisher=Maryland State Archives|access-date=7 December 2014))</ref>

== Early life ==
Mandel was born and raised in a Jewish family in [[Baltimore]] and attended the [[Baltimore City Public Schools]], graduating from the [[Baltimore City College]], which was a citywide, all-male institution that served as an early model of a college prep, specialized [[magnet schools|"magnet" school]] that developed and became popular in American public education forty years later. Mandel received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the [[University of Maryland at College Park]] in 1939<ref>((cite web |website=University of Maryland |url=http://www.lib.umd.edu/univarchives/macmil/alumniofnote.html |title=MAC to Millennium: Alumni of Note |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060823010304/https://www.lib.umd.edu/univarchives/macmil/alumniofnote.html |archive-date=August 23, 2006 ))</ref> and a [[Bachelor of Laws]] degree from the [[University of Maryland Law School]] in 1942,<ref name="NGA page"/> also receiving an honorary prize for his part in a school practice court honor case.<ref>((cite web |url=https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/10713/3875/1/1938-1948.pdf#page=81 |page=8 |title=Commencement Exercises |date=May 30, 1942 |publisher=University of Maryland |access-date=November 22, 2018 ))</ref>

== Political career ==

Mandel was first elected to public office in the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] in 1952, representing northwest Baltimore.<ref>((cite web|title=Marvin Mandel|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/08conoff/former/html/msa01487.html|publisher=Maryland State Archives))</ref> Mandel served several terms throughout the tumultuous events and urban politics of the 1950s and early '60s when [[Civil Rights Movement|civil rights]] was on the state's front burner, and was finally chosen as [[Speaker of the Maryland House of Delegates|Speaker of the House of Delegates]] in January 1963 and served in that position until January 1969. Speaker Mandel was first elected Governor and then sworn in by the legislative members of both houses in a joint session of the General Assembly in January 1969, upon the resignation of Governor Agnew, who was sworn in as vice president later that month. In his short inaugural speech to the legislators, he famously predicted his method and attitude towards the powers of his office putting aside the indirect and unusual way he came to the executive office and the idea of serving as an "acting governor", from the formerly opposing party, saying, "Make no mistake about it, we intend to govern!".<ref>((cite book|title=Jim Clark : Soldier, Farmer, Legislator / A Memoir|page=151|author=James A. Clark, Jr.))</ref> After serving 23 months (almost two years of the unfinished Agnew term), he was duly further elected by the entire Maryland state body of voters in a [[1970 Maryland gubernatorial election|regular gubernatorial election]] for a full four-year term in November 1970, and re-elected in [[1974 Maryland gubernatorial election|a state election in November 1974.]]

=== Governor ===
[[File:Marvin Mandel (MD).png|140px|thumb|left|Mandel as governor.]]
Mandel's executive administration was notable for many reasons. While he was governor, the executive branch of the Maryland state government was reorganized, combining the recent 20th-century growth of commissions, boards, offices, bureaus and agencies into twelve departments headed by supervising secretaries with several administrative levels in each executive department. Each secretary and their assistants and deputies reported directly to the governor and their chief-of-staff, reflecting the current American federal presidency and [[Cabinet of the United States|presidential cabinet]] system.

Additionally, the [[mass transit|mass-transit]] system of Maryland was established and fostered under Mandel, enacting plans begun back in 1969 for the establishment of two urban subway networks. The first such rail network was for the [[Baltimore]] metropolitan area and its two adjoining suburban counties of [[Baltimore County]] and [[Anne Arundel County]]), and the second was for the National Capital area of Washington, D.C. (comprising several northern [[Virginia]] counties, and the Maryland suburban counties of [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery]] and [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's Counties]]).

A statewide [[Public school (government funded)|public school]] construction program initiative for Baltimore and the 23 counties of Maryland to be equalized and fully funded by the State was undertaken while Mandel was governor. Accordingly, students in kindergarten or first grade would begin their public education through to high school with equally adequate buildings, supplies and teachers.

The additional executive departmental reorganization and structure simplified the state government. Although narrowly rejected by state voters in a 1968 referendum (because of several large controversial proposals), many of the proposed charter's other more generally acceptable provisions and reorganizations were later pushed past the legislature by the new Mandel administration and enacted into law and policy by the voters in several special elections/referendums and the edicts of the Mandel and later [[Harry R. Hughes|Hughes]] and [[William Donald Schaefer|Schaefer]] administrations.  This included the reorganized four-level state court system.

Other similar administrative organizations and efficiencies were reflected in the various other departments as they were set up and took shape with the various "administrations", authorities" and "offices" arrayed beneath the state secretaries in the governor's new cabinet, including newer unprecedented departments such as the environment, general services, public safety and correctional services, and natural resources.

Mandel's idea to grow Maryland business and create more jobs was to attract existing overseas companies to the state. In 1972, Mandel selected Philip Kapneck, a local businessman, to start Maryland's International Business efforts by opening an office in Brussels, Belgium.<ref name=tradeamb1>((Cite news |title = Phil Kapneck Gets State Job In Brussels |agency=Associated Press | newspaper = The Daily Times | date = 19 August 1973 | url = https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/292258981/ | access-date = 14 June 2018 ))</ref> In 1974, Mandel appointed Kapneck as Maryland Trade Ambassador. Mandel's initiative was so successful that over the next 40 years, his Trade Ambassador attracted hundreds of businesses, creating more than a hundred thousand jobs.<ref name=tradeamb2>((cite web|title=Trade Ambassador Kapneck Official Website |url=https://tradeambassadorkapneck.com/ |date=November 28, 2008 |publisher=Trade Ambassador Kapneck Official Website |access-date=June 15, 2018 ))</ref>

==Legal controversy==

Mandel was convicted in 1977 along with five co-defendants of mail fraud and racketeering.  The charges stemmed from what prosecutors said was a complicated scheme in which Mandel was given money and favors for vetoing one bill and signing another to help his friends make money on a race track deal.<ref name=usnews>((cite news|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2015/08/31/from-creativity-to-corruption-mandel-was-a-political-force|title=From creativity to a corruption conviction, ex-Gov. Mandel was a political force in Maryland|agency=Associated Press|date=31 August 2015|last=Witte|first=Brian|access-date=10 September 2015))</ref>  On June 4, 1977, he notified Lieutenant Governor [[Blair Lee III]] that Lee would have to serve as "Acting Governor of Maryland" until further notice.  Lee continued to serve as "Acting Governor" until January 15, 1979, when Mandel rescinded his letter appointing Lee as "Acting Chief Executive" (just two days before the expiration of his second full term) on the basis of his overturned previous legal conviction and the neutral legal opinions on the status of his appeal case, that the governor was now eligible to re-assume the powers of his office previously delegated to Lee, even at that late date.

Mandel had already served nineteen months of his original sentence in the low-security [[Federal Prison Camp, Eglin|federal prison camp]] at [[Eglin Air Force Base]] in Florida, before having his sentence commuted by President [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1981.

Based on the reasoning of an opinion of the [[United States Supreme Court|U.S. Supreme Court]], a [[United States District Court|U.S. District Court]] judge overturned the former governor's conviction in 1987.  A year after that, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] affirmed the final decision, ending the long legal and political saga.<ref name=turmoil>((cite news|author=Paul C. Leibe |title=30 years ago, turmoil surrounded Gov. Mandel |url=http://ww2.somdnews.com/stories/092807/entemor152531_32081.shtml |date=September 28, 2007 |publisher=Southern Maryland Newspapers |access-date=November 7, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501120915/http://ww2.somdnews.com/stories/092807/entemor152531_32081.shtml |archive-date=May 1, 2015 ))</ref>

In addition, in 1980, Mandel's administrative aide Maurice R. Wyatt, [[District Court of Maryland|Maryland District Court]] Judge Allen B. Spector, and State Health Department director Donald H. Noren were tried and convicted by Judge [[James MacGill (Judge)|James MacGill]] on bribery charges related to payments for land development and septic tank installation moratoriums.  Although not connected with Gov. Mandel's personal integrity and administration, these additional trials and convictions cast a pall on an otherwise overwhelming record of positive accomplishments in Maryland during the Mandel years.<ref>((cite news |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=3 Given Probation, Fines for Bribery |date=22 July 1980))</ref>

Mandel's official gubernatorial portrait was not hung in the governor's Reception Room of the [[Maryland State House]], the historic state capitol, with the most recent occupants of the office, until 1993, fourteen years after he left the executive chair and two administrations had intervened.<ref>((cite news |last=Timberg |first=Robert |title=Mandel portrait hung in State House |url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/bal-portrait101493,0,134817.story |date=October 14, 1993 |newspaper=The Baltimore Sun |access-date=June 20, 2009))</ref>

== Personal life ==
Mandel married Barbara Oberfeld (his first wife) on June 8, 1941, at age 22 and later had two children, Gary and Ellen. Mandel announced through his press office on July 3, 1973, that he was leaving his wife of 32 years to marry the woman he loved, [[Jeanne Dorsey Mandel|Jeanne Blackistone Dorsey]].<ref name=usnews/> In 1974, after temporarily moving out of the governor's mansion into a small [[Annapolis]] apartment and separating from his first wife, Mandel later obtained a decree of divorce from Oberfeld, who had remained in the mansion and attempted to continue to act as "First Lady" and maintain a domestic life. After finally coming to a legal and domestic agreement, Oberfeld left and moved to her own quarters.  Thereafter, Mandel soon married Dorsey, who occasionally entertained and performed some official functions as "First Lady" of the State in the later Mandel administration. Dorsey died on October 6, 2001, after 27 years of marriage to Mandel.

Mandel lived briefly in [[Arnold, Maryland]], and lived and practiced law in [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis]].

Mandel served as the chairman of the governor's Commission on the Structure and Efficiency of State Government, beginning in 2003. He was also a member of the Board of Regents for the University System of Maryland from 2003 through 2009.<ref>((cite news |title=Gov. Mandel Resigns from University System of Maryland Board of Regents |date=February 4, 2009 |agency=US Fed News Service, Including US State News |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1639633111.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921194752/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1639633111.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 21, 2014 |access-date=November 7, 2014))</ref>

Mandel died on August 30, 2015, at the age of 95 in [[Compton, Maryland]].<ref>((cite news |title=Former Maryland Gov. Martin Mandel dies at age 95 |date=August 30, 2015 |agency=WBAL |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/news/former-maryland-gov-marvin-mandel-dies-at-age-95/35007178 |access-date=August 30, 2015))</ref> After lying in state at the Maryland State House, a funeral service was held in [[Pikesville, Maryland|Pikesville]], and he was interred at Lakemont Memorial Gardens in [[Davidsonville, Maryland]].<ref>((cite news |url=https://www.wcbcradio.com/archives/archiv/mandel-arrangements-announced-senators-react |title=Former Governor Marvin Mandel to Lie in State at Maryland State House{ |date=August 31, 2015 |work=[[WCBC (AM)|WCBC]] |access-date=December 27, 2023 ))</ref> A Fall 2017 issue of his law school's magazine reported that Mandel had since been inducted into the Jewish Community Center of Greater Baltimore Hall of Fame.<ref>((cite magazine |url=https://www.law.umaryland.edu/media/SOL/images/UMD_CareyLawMagazine_Fall2017[P03]REFERENCE.pdf#page=15 |title=Class Action |magazine=Maryland Carey Law |page=28 |date=Fall 2017 |access-date=November 22, 2018 ))</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States]]

== References ==
((Reflist))

== External links ==
*((commons category-inline))
* [http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/mdmanual/08conoff/former/html/msa01487.html Maryland Manual official state gubernatorial biography]
* [http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc4800/sc4806/exhibit/html/online/objects/mandel_jea.html First Lady Jeanne Blackistone Dorsey Mandel]
* [http://findagrave.org/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8546704&pt=Jeanne%20Mandel Jeanne Mandel gravesite]
* [http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/megafile/msa/speccol/sc2900/sc2908/000001/000177/html/am177--16.html Mandel bio from archive]
* [http://www.mdarchives.state.md.us/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/002200/002295/html/msa02295.html Jeanne Blackistone Dorsey Mandel from archives]
* [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1168 Mandel Family papers] at the [[University of Maryland Libraries|University of Maryland libraries]]

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((Governors of Maryland))
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((DEFAULTSORT:Mandel, Marvin))
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:21st-century American Jews]]
[[Category:Baltimore City College alumni]]
[[Category:Democratic Party governors of Maryland]]
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[[Category:Jewish American state governors of the United States]]
[[Category:Politicians from Baltimore]]
[[Category:Politicians from Annapolis, Maryland]]
[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government]]
[[Category:Recipients of American presidential clemency]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Maryland House of Delegates]]
[[Category:University of Maryland, Baltimore alumni]]
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[[Category:20th-century Maryland politicians]]

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Module:Date (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Detect singular (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find country (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:ISO 3166/data/National (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:MultiReplace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:ParameterCount (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Plain text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Separated entries (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Text (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wd (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wd/i18n (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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