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((short description|Japanese writer (1891–1952)))
((use dmy dates|date=July 2023))
((more citations needed|date=July 2023))
((Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name        = Masao Kume 
| image       = Kume Masao.jpg
| caption     = Kume
| birth_date  = ((birth date|1891|11|23|df=y))
| birth_place = [[Ueda, Nagano]], Japan
| death_date  = ((death date and age|1952|3|1|1891|11|23|df=y)) 
| death_place = [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], Japan
| occupation  = writer
| genre       = ''[[haiku]] poetry,'' novels, stage plays
| movement    = 
| notableworks = ''Tsuki yori no shisha'' (Messenger from the Moon, 1933) 
))
((nihongo|'''Masao Kume'''|久米 正雄|Kume Masao|extra=23 November 1891 – 1 March 1952)) was a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] popular playwright, novelist and ''[[haiku]]'' poet (under the [[pen-name]] of ''Santei'') active during the late [[Taishō period|Taishō]] and early [[Shōwa period]]s of Japan. His wife and the wife of [[Nagai Tatsuo]] were sisters, making them brothers-in-law.

==Early life==
Kume was born in [[Ueda, Nagano|Ueda]] city, [[Nagano Prefecture|Nagano prefecture]]. His father was the principal of the local elementary school, and committed suicide in 1897 to take responsibility for a fire which destroyed a portion of the school where a portrait of [[Emperor Meiji]] had been displayed. Kume moved with his mother to her home in [[Kōriyama, Fukushima|Kōriyama]] city, [[Fukushima prefecture]], where he was raised.

==Literary career==
Kume exhibited a talent for ''[[haiku]]'' poetry even in elementary school. After graduating from [[Tokyo Imperial University]] Department of Literature under [[Natsume Sōseki]] (together with classmates [[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa]] and [[Kan Kikuchi]]), he joined a literary group that published a literary magazine called ((nihongo|''Shinshichō''|新思潮|New Currents of Thought )).

Kume's debut as a playwright came with ''Gyunyuya no Kyōdai'' ("Milkman’s Siblings"), which was staged in 1914 and proved to be very popular. By 1916, he had published his first novel ''Chichi no Shi'' ("My Father's Death") and a play ''Abukuma Shinju'' ("Love Suicides at Abukuma"). In 1918 he founded the ''Kokumin Bungeikai'' ("People's Arts Movement") with [[Kaoru Osanai]] and [[Mantarō Kubota]].  His fame as a novelist grew when he wrote a series of stories, including ''Hotaru Gusa'' ("Firefly Weeds"), ''Hasen'' ("Shipwreck"), and ''Bosan'' ("Visit to a Grave"), about his unrequited love for Natsume Sōseki's eldest daughter (he proposed to her via her parents, as was the practice at the time, but she surprised everyone by announcing her love for Kume's classmate and close friend [[Yuzuru Matsuoka]] instead). In 1925, Kume wrote an essay, ''Shishōsetsu to Shinkyō shōsetsu'' ("The I-Novel and the Mental State Novel"), which became a classic in defining those two literary forms. In 1933, he wrote a melodramatic novel ''Tsuki yori no shisha'' ("Messenger from the Moon"), which was a major best-seller.  Kume was arrested in Kamakura in 1933, along with fellow literati [[Matsutarō Kawaguchi]] and [[Ton Satomi]] for illegal card [[gambling]]. In 1938, Kume joined the [[Pen Butai|Pen butai]] (lit. "Pen corps"), a government organisation consisting of authors who travelled the front during the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] to write favourably of Japan's war efforts in China,<ref name="kotobank">((cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A-192482 |title=ペン部隊 |website=Kotobank |language=ja |access-date=24 July 2023))</ref><ref name="routledge">((cite book|title=Routledge Handbook of Modern Japanese Literature |editor1-first=Rachael |editor1-last=Hutchinson |editor2-first=Leith Douglas |editor2-last=Morton |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=9780367355739))</ref> and later the Nihon bungaku hōkokukai ("Patriotic Association for Japanese Literature"), led by [[Tokutomi Sohō|Sohō Tokutomi]] and himself.<ref name="kotobank2">((cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%A0%B1%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A-110297 |title=日本文学報国会 |website=Kotobank |language=ja |access-date=24 July 2023))</ref>

==Life in Kamakura==
Kume relocated from [[Tokyo]] to [[Kamakura, Kanagawa|Kamakura]], [[Kanagawa Prefecture|Kanagawa prefecture]] due to the [[1923 Great Kantō earthquake|Great Kantō earthquake]] of 1923, residing there until his death in 1952 at the age of 60. He was a prominent figure in Kamakura literary circles, helping to establish the [[International PEN|Kamakura P.E.N. Club]], the Kamakura Carnival, and running the Kamakura Bunko lending library.

Kume suffered from [[high blood pressure]] much of his life, and died of a [[cerebral hemorrhage]]. His grave is at the temple of [[Zuisen-ji]] in Kamakura. After Kume's death, his house was physically relocated from the Nikaido district of Kamakura to Kōriyama in Fukushima prefecture, where it now houses the Kōriyama Bunkagu no Mori Museum.  There is a bronze statue of Kume in the grounds of [[Kaikōzan Hase-dera|Hase-dera]] in Kamakura.

== See also ==
* [[Japanese literature]]
* [[List of Japanese authors]]

== References ==
((reflist))
* Mack, Edward. ''Manufacturing Modern Japanese Literature: Publishing, Prizes, and the Ascription of Literary Value''. Duke University Press (2010) ((ISBN|0822391651))
* Suzuki, Tomi. ''Narrating the Self: Fictions of Japanese Modernity''. Stanford University Press (1997). ((ISBN|0-8047-3162-4)).
* Tsuruta, Kinya. ''Akutagawa Ryunosuke and I-Novelists''. Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 25, No. 1/2 (1970), pp.&nbsp;13–27

== External links==
* [http://www.aozora.gr.jp/index_pages/person1151.html e-texts of works] at [[Aozora Bunko]] (Japanese site)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102051200/http://www.bunka-manabi.or.jp/bungakunomori/syasinkan.html Japanese site with photo of, and by, Kume Masao]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Kume, Masao))
[[Category:1891 births]]
[[Category:1952 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese novelists]]
[[Category:Writers from Nagano Prefecture]]
[[Category:University of Tokyo alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Japanese dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Japanese haiku poets]]

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