Geographical names

Mathematics and computer science

Matching (graph theory), in graph theory, a set of edges without common vertices
Graph matching, detection of similarity between graphs
Matching (statistics), a technique for reducing bias when analyzing data from observational studies
Pattern matching, in computer science, a way to recognize patterns in strings or more general sequences of tokens
String matching algorithm, in computer science, another simpler way to recognize patterns in strings
Stable matching theory, the study of matching markets

Matching funds, funds set to be paid in equal amount to funds available from other sources
Matching principle, an accounting method
Matching theory (economics), the assigning of job candidates to vacancies
Matching corresponding trades, the basic operation for clearing (finance)
Employer matching program in the United States

Matching law, in behaviorism and learning, the matching law suggests that an animal's response rate to a scenario will be proportionate to the amount/duration of reinforcement delivered
National Resident Matching Program, the process of allocating medical graduates to internship programs
Matchmaking, the process of introducing people for the purpose of marriage

Impedance matching, in electronics, attempting to make the output impedance of a source equal to the input impedance of the load to which it is ultimately connected