Mathematical Operators
RangeU+2200..U+22FF
(256 code points)
PlaneBMP
ScriptsCommon
Symbol setsMathematical symbols
Logic and Set operators
Relation symbols
Assigned256 code points
Unused0 reserved code points
Unicode version history
1.0.0 (1991)242 (+242)
3.2 (2002)256 (+14)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1][2]
This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.

Mathematical Operators is a Unicode block containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Notably absent are the plus sign (+), greater than sign (>) and less than sign (<), due to them already appearing in the Basic Latin Unicode block, and the plus-or-minus sign (±), multiplication sign (×) and obelus (÷), due to them already appearing in the Latin-1 Supplement block, although a distinct minus sign (−) is included, semantically different from the Basic Latin hyphen-minus (-).

Block

Mathematical Operators[1]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
  0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
U+220x ∀ ∁ ∂ ∃ ∄ ∅ ∆ ∇ ∈ ∉ ∊ ∋ ∌ ∍ ∎ ∏
U+221x ∐ ∑ − ∓ ∔ ∕ ∖ ∗ ∘ ∙ √ ∛ ∜ ∝ ∞ ∟
U+222x ∠ ∡ ∢ ∣ ∤ ∥ ∦ ∧ ∨ ∩ ∪ ∫ ∬ ∭ ∮ ∯
U+223x ∰ ∱ ∲ ∳ ∴ ∵ ∶ ∷ ∸ ∹ ∺ ∻ ∼ ∽ ∾ ∿
U+224x ≀ ≁ ≂ ≃ ≄ ≅ ≆ ≇ ≈ ≉ ≊ ≋ ≌ ≍ ≎ ≏
U+225x ≐ ≑ ≒ ≓ ≔ ≕ ≖ ≗ ≘ ≙ ≚ ≛ ≜ ≝ ≞ ≟
U+226x ≠ ≡ ≢ ≣ ≤ ≥ ≦ ≧ ≨ ≩ ≪ ≫ ≬ ≭ ≮ ≯
U+227x ≰ ≱ ≲ ≳ ≴ ≵ ≶ ≷ ≸ ≹ ≺ ≻ ≼ ≽ ≾ ≿
U+228x ⊀ ⊁ ⊂ ⊃ ⊄ ⊅ ⊆ ⊇ ⊈ ⊉ ⊊ ⊋ ⊌ ⊍ ⊎ ⊏
U+229x ⊐ ⊑ ⊒ ⊓ ⊔ ⊕ ⊖ ⊗ ⊘ ⊙ ⊚ ⊛ ⊜ ⊝ ⊞ ⊟
U+22Ax ⊠ ⊡ ⊢ ⊣ ⊤ ⊥ ⊦ ⊧ ⊨ ⊩ ⊪ ⊫ ⊬ ⊭ ⊮ ⊯
U+22Bx ⊰ ⊱ ⊲ ⊳ ⊴ ⊵ ⊶ ⊷ ⊸ ⊹ ⊺ ⊻ ⊼ ⊽ ⊾ ⊿
U+22Cx ⋀ ⋁ ⋂ ⋃ ⋄ ⋅ ⋆ ⋇ ⋈ ⋉ ⋊ ⋋ ⋌ ⋍ ⋎ ⋏
U+22Dx ⋐ ⋑ ⋒ ⋓ ⋔ ⋕ ⋖ ⋗ ⋘ ⋙ ⋚ ⋛ ⋜ ⋝ ⋞ ⋟
U+22Ex ⋠ ⋡ ⋢ ⋣ ⋤ ⋥ ⋦ ⋧ ⋨ ⋩ ⋪ ⋫ ⋬ ⋭ ⋮ ⋯
U+22Fx ⋰ ⋱ ⋲ ⋳ ⋴ ⋵ ⋶ ⋷ ⋸ ⋹ ⋺ ⋻ ⋼ ⋽ ⋾ ⋿
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1

Variation sequences

The Mathematical Operators block has sixteen variation sequences defined for standardized variants.[3][4] They use U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1 (VS01) to denote variant symbols (depending on the font):

Variation sequences
Base character Base +VS01 Description
U+2205 EMPTY SET ∅ ∅︀ zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form
U+2229 INTERSECTION ∩ ∩︀ with serifs
U+222A UNION ∪ ∪︀ with serifs
U+2268 LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO ≨ ≨︀ with vertical stroke
U+2269 GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO ≩ ≩︀ with vertical stroke
U+2272 LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO ≲ ≲︀ following the slant of the lower leg
U+2273 GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO ≳ ≳︀ following the slant of the lower leg
U+228A SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO ⊊ ⊊︀ with stroke through bottom members
U+228B SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO ⊋ ⊋︀ with stroke through bottom members
U+2293 SQUARE CAP ⊓ ⊓︀ with serifs
U+2294 SQUARE CUP ⊔ ⊔︀ with serifs
U+2295 CIRCLED PLUS ⊕ ⊕︀ with white rim
U+2297 CIRCLED TIMES ⊗ ⊗︀ with white rim
U+229C CIRCLED EQUALS ⊜ ⊜︀ with equal sign touching the circle
U+22DA LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN ⋚ ⋚︀ with slanted equal
U+22DB GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN ⋛ ⋛︀ with slanted equal

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Operators block:

Version Final code points[a] Count UTC ID L2 ID WG2 ID Document
1.0.0 U+2200..22F1 242 (to be determined)
UTC/1999-013 Karlsson, Kent (1999-05-27), Tildes and micro sign decompositions
L2/99-176R Moore, Lisa (1999-11-04), "Not Tilde", Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999
L2/00-115R2 Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M21", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
L2/01-342 Suignard, Michel (2001-09-10), "T.9 B.1 List of combining characters/Variation selectors", Comments accompanying the US positive vote on the FPDAM 1 to ISO/IEC 10646-1:2001
L2/07-268 N3253 (pdf, doc) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2007-07-26), "M50.7 (Math symbol glyph correction) [U+22C4]", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27
L2/15-268 Beeton, Barbara; Freytag, Asmus; Iancu, Laurențiu; Sargent, Murray (2015-10-30), Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set
L2/15-254 Moore, Lisa (2015-11-16), "B.12.1.2 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set", UTC #145 Minutes
3.2 U+22F2..22FF 14 L2/00-119[b] N2191R Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode
L2/00-234 N2203 (rtf, txt) Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-07-21), "8.18", Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24
L2/00-115R2 Moore, Lisa (2000-08-08), "Motion 83-M11", Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83
  1. ^ Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names
  2. ^ Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents

See also

References

  1. ^ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ^ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. ^ "Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences". The Unicode Consortium.
  4. ^ Whistler, Ken; Freytag, Asmus (2000-04-19), "Symbol variants defined using a Variation Selector", L2/00-119: Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode (PDF)
Categories