Type of beef from Japan
Matsusaka beefMatsusaka loin for sale in Tokyo |
| Type | Beef |
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| Place of origin | Japan |
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Matsusaka beef (松阪牛, Matsusaka-ushi, Matsusaka-gyū also "Matsuzaka beef") is the meat of Japanese Black cattle reared under strict conditions in the Matsusaka region of Mie in Japan. It has a high fat-to-meat ratio. Within Japan, it is one of the three Sandai Wagyū, the "three big beefs"; the others are Kobe beef and Ōmi beef or Yonezawa beef. About 2500 cows are slaughtered for Matsusaka beef each year; the meat commands high prices.[1]
History
Matsusaka beef, showing heavy marbling
Before the 19th century, beef was not typically a part of the average Japanese diet.[2] Farmers in the Mie Prefecture would raise smaller and more muscular, female cows to do agricultural work.[2] When westerners introduced them to eating beef, farmers began to raise the cows to have traits that were more favorable for human consumption.[2] The "National Beef Exposition" awarded Matsusaka with the medal of high honor in 1938.[2] The award helped make Matsusaka more well known.[2] The beef became famous for its marbling, rich flavor, and tenderness.[3]
Original standards
The cows take roughly three years to mature.[2] In order for the meat to be sold under the Matsusaka name, it must meet strict standards.[2] Only virgin female cows can be sold as Matsusaka beef and all calves must be of a breed registered by the Matsusaka Beef Management System.[2] Most of the meat is sold through stores owned by the Matsusaka Beef Cattle Association.[4] To prevent cheap meat from being sold under the Matsusaka name, all authentic stores have an "Association Member's Certificate".[4] The Mie Prefecture Matsusaka Shokuniku Kosha public corporation implemented a system for tracking the cows to ensure authenticity.[4] All cattle are given a 10-digit ID.[4] The date of birth, location of birth, date it was slaughtered, shipping information, and the bloodline of each cow can be found by entering the ID on a website.[4]
Cooking
While Matsusaka beef can be eaten as a steak, there are more traditional methods of cooking the meat.[5] Shabu-shabu is prepared with very thin slices of meat which are quickly dipped in a kelp broth and then eaten.[5] Sukiyaki is a method that involves simmering thin slices of meat in a pot with a sauce of sugar, sake and soy sauce.[5] After the meat has been cooked, it is removed from the pot, dipped in a raw egg and eaten.[5] The melting in one's mouth sensation comes from the unsaturated fatty acids in the beef.[4]
