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((Short description|American activist (1921–2020)))
((sources|date=October 2010))

'''Maura McNiel''' (April 11, 1921 – July 18, 2020) was an American [[feminist]] whose actions paved the way for [[women's studies]], modern [[social work]], advocacy on behalf of abused women, promotion of the  [[Equal Rights Amendment]], and passage of [[Title IX]]. McNiel was active for over forty years in the Dallas women's movement. She died on July 18, 2020, aged 99.<ref>[https://obits.dallasnews.com/obituaries/dallasmorningnews/obituary.aspx?n=maura-mcniel&pid=196547757 Maura McNiel obituary], dallasnews.com; accessed July 26, 2020.</ref>

==Early life==
((unsourced|section|date=July 2020))
Maura McNiel was born in [[Minneapolis|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] on April 11, 1921 where she learned the importance of [[individual rights]] from the integration of Minneapolis area schools. In 1941, she attended [[University of Minnesota]] in Minneapolis. Moving to the [[Dallas]] area in the early 1950s, she became active within Dallas political and feminist groups, and was instrumental in the founding of the Women's Center of Dallas (now closed).<ref>Harrison, Adlene. "Memo to Dallas City Council", Dallas City Hall, Dallas, TX. January 18, 1977.</ref><ref>"A Week in the Life of the ERA", ''Equal Rights Monitor'' V3#3 1977: pp. 1-3.</ref>

An ardent and [[early adopter]] of [[feminism]] in the 1960s, McNiel joined several women's groups focused on expanding women's roles and eliminating prevalent [[stereotype]]s.  She became a member of the [[National Organization for Women]] and [[People for the American Way]], seeking to expand her opportunities in the working world as a recent college graduate. Growing up in the 1950s and 1960s, McNiel witnessed changes like [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]], which motivated her to improve the rights and benefits of the [[disenfranchised]].

==Personal life==
She married Thomas H. McNiel on February 1, 1952; they were divorced in Dallas on July 16, 1991.((cn|date=July 2020))

==Involvement in Dallas politics==
McNiel became very involved in the Dallas feminist movement in the late 1960s through the 1980s. Her involvement in Women for Change, the Domestic Violence Interaction Alliance of Dallas (DVIA), and EXPLORE — a women's identity group — expanded her interest in local politics. McNiel actively lobbied in [[Dallas City Hall]] for the rights and protections of battered women, which led to the creation of the Women's Center of Dallas — a resource for local women, most notably financial assistance, legal assistance, housing, and job training to victims of [[domestic violence]].<ref>Peters, Leslie. "An Act to Love." McCall's June 1975: pp 48-54</ref> The Women's Center in Dallas was modeled after established organizations nationwide which acted as a means to remove battered women from troubled homes, and into a [[:wikt:safe haven|safe haven]] of their own.((cn|date=July 2020))

==Involvement in national politics==
Maura McNiel also worked for the passage of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]] of 1972 by speaking at local assemblies and rallies across [[Texas]],<ref>Cobler, Sharon. "Anti-ERA Movement Goes National." The Dallas Morning News 21 Nov. 1975: 7A.</ref> However, the amendment fell three short of the number of states needed to ratify it. McNiel participated in other campaigns that proved more successful, such as the passage of Title IX in 1972.<ref>Bird, Caroline. "Sex Equality: Fact or Fiction", ''This Week'', June 23, 1968: pp. 33-37</ref> While not providing the blanket coverage, the Equal Rights Amendment would have, Title IX did grant the rights of educational freedom for women that would have resounding repercussions, expanding into the creation of more women's sports teams and athletic [[scholarship]]s at the collegiate level.<ref>Austin Commission on Status of Women (June 1977). State of Texas.</ref>

==Awards==
((unsourced|section|date=July 2020))
*In 1978, McNiel won the [[Women Helping Women]] award from the Women's Center of Dallas. 
*In 1984, the Women Helping Women awards were renamed "The Maura's" in honor of McNiel's contributions to the advancement of women in society. 
*In 1985, McNiel was nominated for admission into the [[Texas Women's Hall of Fame]]. 
*In 1985, the Women's Center of Dallas renamed their annual Women Helping Women awards to the honorary Maura Women Helping Women awards.

== See also ==
* [[History of feminism]]
* [[History of women in the United States]]

==References==
((Reflist))


((DEFAULTSORT:McNiel, Maura))
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:Activists from Minnesota]]
[[Category:Activists from Texas]]
[[Category:American women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Politicians from Dallas]]
[[Category:Politicians from Minneapolis]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Minnesota alumni]]

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