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Mawayana
Mapidian
Native toBrazil, Guyana and Suriname
Native speakers
2 (2015)[1][2]
Arawakan
Dialects
  • Mawakwa?
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
mzx – Mawayana
mpw – Mapidian (duplicate code)[4]
Glottologmapi1252  Mapidian-Mawayana
mawa1268  Mawakwa
ELPMawayana

Mawayana (Mahuayana), also known as Mapidian (Maopidyán), is a moribund Arawakan language of northern South America. It used to be spoken by Mawayana [nl] people living in ethnic Wai-wai and Tiriyó villages in Brazil, Guyana and Suriname.[5][2] As of 2015, the last two speakers of the language are living in Kwamalasamutu.[6][2]

Classification

Aikhenvald (1999) lists Mawayana (and possibly Mawakwa as a dialect) together with Wapishana under a Rio Branco (North-Arawak) branch of the Arawakan family. Carl-in (2006:314) notes that Mawayana "is closely related to Wapishana" and according to Ramirez (2001:530) they share at least 47% of their lexicon.

Phonology

Mawayana has, among its consonants, two implosives, /ɓ/ and /ɗ/, and what has been described as a "retroflex fricativised rhotic", represented with ⟨rž⟩, that it shares with Wapishana. The vowel systems contains four vowels (/i-e, a, ɨ, u-o/), each of which has a nasalised counterpart.[7]

Consonants

Mawayana consonant phonemes:[5]
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive plain t ʧ k ʔ
implosive ɓ ɗ ɗʲ
Fricative ʃ
Rhotic ɾ
Nasal m n
Glide j w

Vowels

Mawayana vowel phonemes:[5]

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u~o
Close-mid e
Open a

Vowels have both nasal and length contrast.

Morphology

Mawayana personal affixes:[5]
singular plural
1 n-/m- -na wa- -wi
2 ɨ-/i- -i ɨ- -wiko
3 ɾ(ɨ/iʔ)- -sɨ na- -nu
3 refl. a-
Mawayana verbal affixes:[5]
thematic -ta, -ɗa, -ɓa
present -e
reciprocal -(a)ka
adjectival -ɾe, -ke

Morphosyntax

Mawayana has a polysynthetic morphology, mainly head-marking and with suffixes, although there are pronominal prefixes. The verbal arguments are indexed on the verb through subject suffixes on intransitive verbs, while agent prefixes and object suffixes on transitive verbs.[8]: 319 

n-kataba-sï

1A-grab.PST-3O

n-kataba-sï

1A-grab.PST-3O

'I grabbed him.'

tõwã-sï

sleep.PST-3S

tõwã-sï

sleep.PST-3S

'He fell asleep.'

nnu

1PN

a-na

when-1S

mauɗa

die

chika-dza

NEG-COMPL

Mawayana

mawayana

nnu a-na mauɗa chika-dza Mawayana

1PN when-1S die NEG-COMPL mawayana

'When I die there will be no Mawayana left at all.'

Notes

  1. ^ Carlin & Mans 2013:79
  2. ^ a b c Mans & Carlin 2015, p. 98.
  3. ^ Aikhenvald 1999:69.
  4. ^ Hammarström (2015) Ethnologue 16/17/18th editions: a comprehensive review: online appendices
  5. ^ a b c d e Meira, Sérgio. 2019. A Study of the Genetic Relation between Mawayana and Wapishana (Arawakan Family). Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas (RBLI), vol. 2, no. 1 (Jan.-Jun. 2019), pp. 70-104.
  6. ^ Carlin 2006, p. 317.
  7. ^ Carlin (2006:320)
  8. ^ Carlin 2006.

References

External links

Languages of Guyana
Languages of Suriname
Arawakan (Maipurean) languages
Categories