.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (July 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Maximilian Hohenberg]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|de|Maximilian Hohenberg)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Czech. (July 2013) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Czech Wikipedia article at [[:cs:Maxmilián z Hohenbergu]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template ((Translated|cs|Maxmilián z Hohenbergu)) to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Maximilian
Pictured in 1913
Duke of Hohenberg
SuccessorFranz Ferdinand
Born(1902-09-29)29 September 1902
Belvedere, Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Died8 January 1962(1962-01-08) (aged 59)
Vienna, Austria
Noble familyHohenberg
Spouse(s)Countess Maria Elisabeth Bona von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee
IssueDuke Franz Ferdinand
Duke Georg
Prince Albrecht
Prince Johannes
Prince Peter
Prince Gerhard
FatherArchduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
MotherSophie, Duchess of Hohenberg

Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg (Maximilian Karl Franz Michael Hubert Anton Ignatius Joseph Maria; 29 September 1902 – 8 January 1962), was the elder son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife Countess Sophie Chotek von Chotkowa und Wognin, Duchess von Hohenberg.[1] Because his parents' marriage was morganatic, he was excluded from succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne,[citation needed] to which his father was heir presumptive, and to inheritance of any of his father's dynastic titles,[2] income, and properties, although not from the archduke's personal estate nor from his mother's property.

Life

Sarcophagus of Maximilian, with his wife's sarcophagus on the left

Maximilian was born on 29 September 1902 and baptized in Vienna two days later with Archduke Charles Stephen of Austria as sponsor.[3] From birth he had the lesser princely title and the nobiliary particle von Hohenberg accorded his mother as a predicate at the time of her marriage, and in 1905 he shared with his siblings her receipt of the style "Serene Highness".[citation needed] Although Sophie had been raised from Princess (Fürstin) to Duchess (Herzogin) in 1909 by Emperor Franz Joseph, because that title was accorded ad personam, Maximilian did not inherit it upon her death in 1914. On 31 August 1917, however, Emperor Charles I granted him the dukedom on a hereditary basis, simultaneously raising his treatment from "Serene Highness" (Durchlaucht) to "Highness" (Hoheit).[citation needed]

In 1911, it was rumored among French circles that Germany planned to install Maximilian as Imperial Governor of Alsace-Lorraine.[4]

Following the assassination of his parents in Sarajevo in 1914, which resulted in the outbreak of World War I, Maximilian, his sister, Princess Sophie and their brother, Prince Ernst, were initially taken in by their maternal aunt and uncle Marie and Jaroslav, Prince and Princess von Thun und Hohenstein, subsequently being raised in the care of their step-grandmother, Archduchess Maria-Theresa of Austria.[2]

In 1919, following the defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and collapse of the Habsburg monarchy, the new republic of Czechoslovakia expropriated Konopiště Castle, Maximilian's chief residence, and other family properties in the former Kingdom of Bohemia, and expelled the brothers to Austria. Subsequently, they lived in Vienna and at Artstetten Castle in Lower Austria.[citation needed] Maximilian obtained a law degree from the University of Graz in 1926.[citation needed] He managed the family properties and worked as a lawyer.

Because he had never been a dynast of the Austrian Imperial Family, he was neither banished nor had his properties expropriated under Austria's law of exile of 3 April 1919.[2] Remaining in Vienna, by the 1930s the Duke became the leader within Austria of a significant movement for restoration of the monarchy and of his kinsman Otto von Habsburg to the former Imperial throne.[2]

Registration card of Maximilian Hohenberg as a prisoner at Dachau Nazi Concentration Camp

In March 1938, Austria became part of the German Reich as a result of the Anschluss. Having spoken out for the independence of Austria and against the Anschluss, Maximilian and his brother were arrested by the Reich authorities and interned in Dachau concentration camp,[2] where they were chiefly employed in cleaning the latrines. According to Leopold Figl (who served as Chancellor of Austria after World War II), they did so cheerfully and maintained comradely relations with fellow prisoners. Maximilian was released after six months (Ernst was transferred to other concentration camps and released only in 1943) and was then compelled to stay at Artstetten Castle; the Reich authorities also expropriated the family's other properties in Austria.[citation needed]

After the liberation of Austria in 1945, the residents of Artstetten elected Maximilian as mayor, with the concurrence of the Soviet occupation authorities. He served two five-year terms as mayor.

Maximilian died on 8 January 1962 at the age of 59. He is buried in the crypt of the Hohenberg family's Artstetten Castle.[5] His wife's remains are in a sarcophagus to his left. His eldest son, Franz, took the ducal title.

Marriage and issue

Maximilian married on 16 November 1926 in Wolfegg, Countess Maria Elisabeth Bona von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (10 August 1904 in Bad Waldsee – 13 March 1993 in Salzburg). They had six sons:[citation needed][6]

Ancestry

Honours and arms

Arms granted to Maximilian in 1917

Notes

  1. ^ "Almanach de Gotha", Hohenberg, (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1942), pp. 52, 440–441, (French).
  2. ^ a b c d e Les manuscrits du C.E.D.R.E. – Dictionnaire Historique et Généalogique, vol. II. L’Empire d'Autriche. Cercle d'Études des Dynasties Royales Européennes (president, Jean-Fred Tourtchine), Paris, 1991, pp. 190–195. (French). ISSN 0993-3964.
  3. ^ "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36888. London. 2 October 1902. p. 7.
  4. ^ Hall Gardner (16 March 2016). The Failure to Prevent World War I: The Unexpected Armageddon. Routledge. p. 204. ISBN 978-1-317-03217-5.
  5. ^ Family crypt info Archived 9 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Enache, Nicolas. La Descendance de Marie-Therese de Habsburg. ICC, Paris, 1996. pp. 54–60. (French). ISBN 2-908003-04-X
  7. ^ Smith, Craig S. "A battle royal for a Czech castle – Princess wants property taken after empire collapsed." International Herald Tribune. p 3. 20 February 2007.
  8. ^ "Princess and Heir of Franz Ferdinand Fights to Repeal a Law and Gain a Castle." The New York Times. 19 February 2007
  9. ^ Boettger, T. F. "Chevaliers de la Toisón d'Or - Knights of the Golden Fleece". La Confrérie Amicale. Retrieved 25 June 2019.
Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg House of HohenbergBorn: 1902 Died 1962 VacantTitle last held bySophie Duke of Hohenberg 1917–1962 Succeeded byFranz
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