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((Short description|WW1 British Army command))
((refimprove|date=April 2014))
((Infobox military unit
|unit_name=Mediterranean Expeditionary Force
|image=
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|dates=1915–16
|country=((flag|British Empire))
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|battles=[[First World War]]
* [[Gallipoli campaign]]
* [[Macedonian front (World War I)|Macedonian front]]
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
|disbanded=
|notable_commanders= [[Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)|Sir Ian Hamilton]] (1915)<br>[[William Birdwood]] (1915)<br>[[Charles Carmichael Monro|Sir Charles Monro]] (1915–16)
))
The '''Mediterranean [[Expeditionary warfare|Expeditionary Force]]''' (MEF) was the part of the [[British Army during World War I]]  that commanded all Allied forces at [[Gallipoli (battle)|Gallipoli]] and [[British Salonika Army|Salonika]]. It was formed in March 1915, under the command of General [[Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)|Sir Ian Hamilton]], at the beginning of the [[Gallipoli campaign]] of the First World War.

== History ==
The Mediterranean Expeditionary Force included the initial [[Naval operations in the Dardanelles campaign|naval operation to force the straits]] of the [[Dardanelles]].  Its headquarters was formed in March 1915.<ref>((cite book |last=Aspinall-Oglander |first=C. F. |url=http://www.dli.ernet.in/cgi-bin/metainfo.cgi?&title1=Military%20Operations%20Gallipoli%281929%29&author1=Aspinall-Oglander%20C.%20F.&subject1=GENERALITIES&year=1929%20&language1=english&pages=470&barcode=99999990848125&author2=&identifier1=&publisher1=William%20Heinemann%20Ltd%20London&contributor1=&vendor1=NONE&scanningcentre1=cdac%2Cnoida&slocation1=NONE&sourcelib1=Durga%20Shah%20Municipal%20Public%20Library%20Nainital&scannerno1=&digitalrepublisher1=Digital%20Library%20of%20India&digitalpublicationdate1=0000-00-00&numberedpages1=&unnumberedpages1=&rights1=Not%20Available&copyrightowner1=&copyrightexpirydate1=&format1=%20&url=%2Fdata11%2Fdata53%2Fupload%2F0029%2F716 |title=Military Operations, Gallipoli: Vol. I Inception of the Campaign to May 1915 |date=1929 |publisher=W. Heinemann |isbn=0901627844 |volume= |location=London |page=87 |access-date=2014-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923215430/http://www.dli.ernet.in/cgi-bin/metainfo.cgi?&title1=Military%20Operations%20Gallipoli%281929%29&author1=Aspinall-Oglander%20C.%20F.&subject1=GENERALITIES&year=1929%20&language1=english&pages=470&barcode=99999990848125&author2=&identifier1=&publisher1=William%20Heinemann%20Ltd%20London&contributor1=&vendor1=NONE&scanningcentre1=cdac%2Cnoida&slocation1=NONE&sourcelib1=Durga%20Shah%20Municipal%20Public%20Library%20Nainital&scannerno1=&digitalrepublisher1=Digital%20Library%20of%20India&digitalpublicationdate1=0000-00-00&numberedpages1=&unnumberedpages1=&rights1=Not%20Available&copyrightowner1=&copyrightexpirydate1=&format1=%20&url=%2Fdata11%2Fdata53%2Fupload%2F0029%2F716 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead))</ref> The MEF was originally commanded by General [[Ian Hamilton (British Army officer)|Sir Ian Hamilton]] until he was dismissed due to the failure of the [[29th Division (United Kingdom)|29th Division]] at Gallipoli.  Command briefly passed to General [[William Birdwood]], commander of the [[Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (army corps)|Australian and New Zealand Army Corps]], but for the duration of the Gallipoli campaign it was General Sir [[Charles Carmichael Monro|Charles Monro]] who led the MEF.

While the Gallipoli theatre was the only active [[Mediterranean]] theatre, the MEF was used to refer to the forces at Gallipoli. With the opening of the Salonika front in October 1915, the forces at Gallipoli were referred to as the [[British Dardanelles Army|Dardanelles Army]] and the Salonika contingent became the [[British Salonika Army|Salonika Army]] on the [[Macedonian front (World War I)]].

Once Salonika became the sole Mediterranean theatre the MEF was commanded by General [[Archibald Murray]] who was based in [[Egypt]] and whose command also involved defence of the [[Suez Canal]] from [[Turkey|Turkish]] attacks.  As the importance of the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] front grew, a separate headquarters called the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] was formed (in March 1916).

Supposedly when the British [[Secretary of State for War]], [[Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum|Lord Kitchener]], was preparing the Mediterranean expedition he intended to name the headquarters the '''[[Constantinople]] Expeditionary Force''' but Hamilton suggested this might be a bit of a giveaway, and also noted in his diary, "I begged him to alter this to avert Fate's evil eye."<ref>((cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Sir Ian|title=Gallipoli Diary, Volume I|date=1920|publisher=George H. Doran Company|location=New York|chapter=Chapter I|url=http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/19317))</ref>

==See also==
* [[Order of battle for the Gallipoli Campaign]]
* [[Gallipoli campaign]]
* [[Dardanelles Army]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1915/oct/19/mediterranean-expeditionary-force] Parliamentary debates of 19 October 1915  in [[Hansard]]

[[Category:Expeditionary units and formations]]
[[Category:Commands of the British Army]]
[[Category:Field armies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War I]]
[[Category:Military units and formations of the British Army in World War I]]
[[Category:Egypt in World War I]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I]]
[[Category:World War I orders of battle]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1915]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1916]]

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