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((short description|Style of blues music))
((about|a music subgenre))
((More citations needed|date=July 2009))
((Infobox music genre
| name              = Memphis blues
| stylistic_origins = ((hlist|[[Blues]]|[[country blues]]|[[Delta blues]]))
| cultural_origins  = 1910s–1930s, [[Memphis, Tennessee]], U.S.
))
[[File:The Memphis Blues 1.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Sheet music]] for "[[The Memphis Blues]]"]]
The '''Memphis blues''' is a style of [[blues]] music created from the 1910s to the 1930s by musicians in the [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] area, such as [[Frank Stokes (musician)|Frank Stokes]], [[Sleepy John Estes]], [[Furry Lewis]] and [[Memphis Minnie]]. The style was popular in [[vaudeville]] and [[medicine show]]s and was associated with [[Beale Street]], the main entertainment area in Memphis.  

[[W. C. Handy]], the "Father of the Blues", published the song "[[The Memphis Blues]]" in 1909 and this was the first blues to be written down.<ref>Chronicle of 20th Century History edited by J S Bowman ISBN 1-85422-005-5</ref> In lyrics, the phrase has been used to describe a [[Depression (mood)|depressed mood]].<ref>Bolden, Tony (2004). ''Afro-Blue: Improvisations in African American Poetry and Culture''. [[University of Illinois Press]]. ((ISBN|978-0-252-02874-8)).</ref>

==History==
((Listen
| pos = right
| filename = Victor_Military_Band-The_Memphis_Blues.ogg
| title = "The Memphis Blues" (1914)
| description = "[[The Memphis Blues]]" (1914), composed by [[W. C. Handy]] in 1912 and recorded by the [[Victor Records|Victor]] Military Band in 1914, the first known commercial recording of Handy's first commercially successful [[blues]] composition
))

In addition to guitar-based blues, [[jug bands]], such as [[Gus Cannon]]'s Jug Stompers and the [[Memphis Jug Band]], were extremely popular practitioners of Memphis blues. The jug band style emphasized the danceable, syncopated rhythms of early [[jazz]] and a range of other folk styles. It was played on simple, sometimes homemade, instruments such as harmonicas, violins, mandolins, banjos, and guitars, backed by washboards, [[kazoo]], [[Jew's harp|guimbarde]] and jugs blown to supply the bass.

After [[World War II]], as African Americans left the Mississippi Delta and other impoverished areas of the South for urban areas, many musicians gravitated to the blues scene in Memphis, changing the classic Memphis blues sound. Musicians such as [[Howlin' Wolf]], [[Willie Nix]], [[Ike Turner]], and [[B.B.King]] performed on Beale Street and in [[West Memphis]] and recorded some of the classic [[electric blues]], [[rhythm and blues|rhythm-and-blues]] and [[rock and roll|rock-and-roll]] records for labels such as [[Sam Phillips]]'s [[Sun Records]]. Sun recorded [[Howlin' Wolf]] (before he moved to Chicago), [[Willie Nix]], [[Ike Turner]], [[B.B.King]] and others.<ref>Broven, John (2009). ''Record Makers and Breakers: Voices of the Independent Rock ʹnʹ Roll Pioneers''. University of Illinois Press. pp. 149–154.</ref> Electric Memphis blues featured "explosive, distorted electric guitar work, thunderous drumming, and fierce, declamatory vocals."<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/style/electric-memphis-blues-ma0000012173 |title=Electric Memphis Blues Music Genre Overview |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=2016-10-21))</ref> Musicians associated with Sun Records included [[Joe Hill Louis]], [[Willie Johnson (guitarist)|Willie Johnson]] and [[Pat Hare]].<ref name="palmer">Palmer, Robert (1992). "Church of the Sonic Guitar", pp. 13–38 in Anthony DeCurtis, ''Present Tense''. Duke University Press. pp. 24–27. ((ISBN|0-8223-1265-4)).</ref><ref name="decurtis_phillips">((cite book|last=DeCurtis|first=Anthony|title=Present Tense: Rock & Roll and Culture|year=1992|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|location=Durham, N.C.|isbn=0822312654|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bsT3RQ9e58kC|edition=4th|quote=His first venture, the Phillips label, issued only one known release, and it was one of the loudest, most overdriven, and distorted guitar stomps ever recorded, 'Boogie in the Park' by Memphis one-man-band Joe Hill Louis, who cranked his guitar while sitting and banging at a rudimentary drum kit.))</ref>

==References==
((Reflist))

((blues))

[[Category:Memphis blues| ]]
[[Category:Blues music genres]]
[[Category:Culture of Memphis, Tennessee]]

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