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Pre-colonial period
Oldowan stone tool culture Olduvai Gorge Laetoli footprints Mumba Cave hunter-gatherers Cushitic expansion Luxmanda Bantu expansion Nilotic expansion Indian Ocean trade History of Zanzibar Menouthias Rhapta Urewe culture Swahili culture Kilwa Sultanate Engaruka
Colonial period
Vasco da Gama and Portuguese expansion Omani Empire East African slave trade Sultanate of Zanzibar Scramble for Africa German East Africa Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty Maji Maji Rebellion East African Campaign British East Africa Tanganyika Territory
Modern history
Tanganyika Zanzibar Revolution Julius Nyerere Ujamaa Uganda–Tanzania War 1998 United States embassy bombings East African Community COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania
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Menouthias (Ancient Greek: Μενουθιάς) is an ancient trading town most commonly identified with either Madagascar,^[1] Pemba Island, Mafia Island or Zanzibar in Tanzania or East Africa, that existed from at least 50 B.C. Along with Rhapta and Azania, the settlement is mentioned in early Greek writings, such as the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, which describes Rhapta as "the last marketplace of Azania", two days' travel south of the Menouthias islands.^[2]