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((Refimprove|date=June 2013))
((Infobox software
| name = MessagePack
| author = Sadayuki Furuhashi
| genre = Data interchange
| license = [[Boost Software License]]
| programming language = Various languages
| operating_system = Any
| platform = [[Cross-platform]]
| website = ((URL|//msgpack.org/))
))

'''MessagePack''' is a [[computer]] data interchange format. It is a binary form for representing simple [[data structure]]s like [[Array data structure|arrays]] and [[associative array]]s. MessagePack aims to be as compact and simple as possible. The official implementation is available in a variety of languages such as [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[D (programming language)|D]], [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[JavaScript]] ([[NodeJS]]), [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[OCaml]], [[Perl]], [[PHP]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]], [[Smalltalk]], and [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]].<ref>((cite web |url=https://msgpack.org/index.html#languages |title=Languages|accessdate=4 Jan 2022 ))</ref>

==Data types and syntax==
Data structures processed by MessagePack loosely correspond to those used in [[JSON]] format. They consist of the following element types:
* nil
* bool, [[boolean datatype|boolean]] (<code>true</code> and <code>false</code>)
* int, [[Integer_(computer_science)|integer]] (up to 64 bits signed or unsigned)
* float, floating point numbers (IEEE single/double precision)
* str, [[UTF-8]] [[String_(computer_science)|string]]
* bin, binary data (up to 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 bytes)
* [[Array data structure|array]]
* map, an [[associative array]]
* ext (arbitrary data of an application-defined format, up to 2<sup>32</sup> − 1 bytes)
* timestamp (ext type = −1) (up to 64-bit seconds and 32-bit nanoseconds)

==Comparison to other formats==
MessagePack is more compact than [[JSON]], but imposes limitations on array and integer sizes. On the other hand, it allows binary data and non-UTF-8 encoded strings. In JSON, map keys have to be strings, but in MessagePack there is no such limitation and any type can be a map key, including types like maps and arrays, and, like [[YAML]], numbers.

Compared to [[BSON]], MessagePack is more space-efficient. BSON is designed for fast in-memory manipulation, whereas MessagePack is designed for efficient transmission over the wire. For example, BSON requires null terminators at the end of all strings and inserts string indexes for list elements, while MessagePack doesn't. BSON represents both arrays and maps internally as documents, which are maps, where an array is a map with keys as decimal strings counting up from 0. MessagePack on the other hand represents both maps and arrays as arrays, where each map key-value pair is contiguous, making odd items keys and even items values.

The [[Protocol Buffers]] format provides a significantly more compact transmission format than MessagePack because it doesn't transmit field names. However, while JSON and MessagePack aim to serialize arbitrary data structures with type tags, Protocol Buffers requires a schema to define the data types. Protocol Buffers compiler creates [[boilerplate code]] in the target language to facilitate integration of serialization into the application code; MessagePack returns only a [[dynamic typing|dynamically typed]] data structure and provides no automatic structure checks.

MessagePack is referenced in ((IETF RFC|7049)) of [[CBOR]].

==See also==
*[[Apache Thrift]]
*[[Apache Avro]]
*[[BSON]]
*[[CBOR]]
*[[PostgreSQL#Data types|JSONB]]
*[[JSON]]
*[[Protocol Buffers]]
*[[Smile (data interchange format)|Smile]]
*[[UBJSON]]
*[[Comparison of data serialization formats]]
*[[YAML]]
*[[External Data Representation|XDR]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
*((Official website))
*[https://github.com/msgpack/msgpack/blob/master/spec.md MessagePack format specification]

((Data Exchange))

[[Category:Data serialization formats]]

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