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((Short description|Elected chief of the Wampanoag Indians))
((more citations needed|date=September 2017))
((Infobox officeholder
| name                = Metacomet
| image               = Philip King of Mount Hope by Paul Revere.jpeg
| image_size          = 
| caption             = 
| office              = [[Wampanoag (tribe)|Wampanoag]] [[Sachem]]
| lead                = 
| birth_date          = 1638
| birth_place         = 
| death_date          = ((death date and age|1676|8|12|1638))
| death_place         = [[Bristol, Rhode Island]]
| predecessor         = [[Wamsutta]]
| successor           = [[Annawan (chief)|Annawan]]
| native_name         = 
| death_cause         = Gunshot Wound
| resting_place       = 
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| religion            = 
| party               = 
| education           = 
| spouse              = 
| partner             = 
| children            = 
| parents             = 
| relations           = 
))

'''Metacomet''' (1638 – August 12, 1676), also known as '''Pometacom''',<ref name=Silverman>((cite book |last1=Silverman |first1=David |title=This Land Is Their Land |date=2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |location=New York))</ref>((rp|205)) '''Metacom''', and by his adopted English name '''King Philip''',<ref name=lepore>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eHJ0AAAAMAAJ Lepore, Jill. ''The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity''], New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. Note: King Philip "was also known as Metacom, or Metacomet. King Philip may well have been a name that he adopted, as it was common for Natives to take other names. King Philip had on several occasions signed as such and has been referred to by other natives by that name."</ref> was [[sachem]] (elected [[Tribal chief|chief]]) to the [[Wampanoag]] people and the second son of the sachem [[Massasoit]]. His older brother [[Wamsutta]] (or King Alexander) briefly became sachem after their father's death in 1661. However, Wamsutta also died shortly thereafter and Metacom became sachem in 1662. 

His brother's widow [[Weetamoo]], female sachem of the [[Pokanoket|Pocasset]], became Metacom's ally and friend for the rest of his life. Metacom married Weetamoo's younger sister Wootonekanuske.((Citation needed|date=October 2019)) It is unclear how many children they had or what happened to them. Wootonekanuske and one of their sons were sold to slavery in the [[West Indies]] following the defeat of the Native Americans in what became known as [[King Philip's War]].<ref>Lepore, J. (2019). "Chapter 2: Rulers and the Ruled". ''In These truths: A History of the United States''. New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company.</ref>

Initially, Metacom sought to live in harmony with the colonists. As a sachem, he took the lead in much of his tribes' trade with the colonies. He adopted the European name of Philip,<ref>((cite EB1911 |wstitle=Philip, King |volume=21 |page=389))</ref> and bought his clothes in [[Boston]], Massachusetts.((Citation needed|date=October 2019))

The colonies continued to expand. To the west, the [[Iroquois|Iroquois Confederation]] also was fighting against neighboring tribes in the [[Beaver Wars]], pushing them from the west and encroaching on Metacom's territory. Finally, in 1671, the colonial leaders of the [[Plymouth Colony]] forced major concessions from him. Metacom surrendered much of his tribe's armament and ammunition, and agreed that they were subject to English law. The encroachment continued until hostilities broke out in 1675. Metacom led the opponents of the English, with the goal of stopping Puritan expansion.((Citation needed|date=October 2019))

==Name change==
In the spring of 1660 Metacom's brother [[Wamsutta]] appeared before the court of [[Plymouth Colony|Plymouth]] to request that he and his brother be given English names in accordance with Wampanoag custom, in which new names marked significant moments in time (such as, in this case, Wamsutta's father's death). The court agreed and Wamsutta had his name changed to Alexander, and Metacom's was changed to Philip. Author [[Nathaniel Philbrick]] has suggested that the Wampanoag may have taken action at the urging of Wamsutta's interpreter, the Christian neophyte [[John Sassamon]].<ref>Philbrick, p. 196</ref> Metacom was later called "King Philip" by the English.

==King Philip's War==
((main|King Philip's War))
[[File:Death of King Philip.png|thumb|right|alt=Depiction of King Philip's death|The death of King Philip as depicted by [[Harper's Magazine]] in 1857.]]

King Philip used tribal alliances to coordinate efforts to push European colonists out of New England. Many of the native tribes in the region wanted to push out the colonists following conflicts over land use, diminished game as a consequence of expanding European settlement, and other tensions.

As the colonists brought their growing numbers to bear, King Philip and some of his followers took refuge in the great [[Assawompset Pond|Assowampset Swamp]] in southern [[Massachusetts]]. He held out for a time, with his family and remaining followers.

Hunted by a group of rangers led by [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Captain Benjamin Church]], King Philip was fatally shot by a [[praying Indian]] named [[John Alderman]], on August 12, 1676, in the Miery Swamp near [[Mount Hope (Rhode Island)|Mount Hope]] in [[Bristol, Rhode Island]]. He was shot by Alderman for killing his brother. After his death, his wife and nine-year-old son were captured and sold as slaves in [[Bermuda]].  Philip's head was mounted on a pike at the entrance to [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]], where it remained for more than two decades.  His body was cut into quarters and hung in trees.<ref>[http://www.historynet.com/blood-and-betrayal-king-philips-war.htm "Blood and Betrayal: King Philip's War"], History Net</ref> Alderman was given Philip's right hand as a trophy.

==Representations==
* [[Mary Rowlandson]], who was taken captive during a raid on [[Lancaster, Massachusetts]], later wrote a [[A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson|memoir]] about her [[captivity narrative|captivity]], and described meeting with Metacom while she was held by his followers.
* [[Washington Irving]] relates a romanticized but sympathetic version of Metacom's life in the 1820 sketch "Philip of Pokanoket," published in his collected stories, ''[[The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.]]'' (1820).
* [[John Augustus Stone]] wrote the play, ''[[Metamora; or, The Last of the Wampanoags]]'' (1829) for the notable actor [[Edwin Forrest]] as lead.
* In his short story "[[The Devil and Daniel Webster]]" (1937), [[Stephen Vincent Benét]] portrays Metacom as a villain to the colonists, and as being killed by a blow to the head (he was shot in the heart). Webster is portrayed as respecting Metacom as one of those who "formed American history." Metacomet, together with other famous historical villains, is a juror in the "trial of the damned". When convinced that his damnation resulted in his loss of admiration for the natural world, he ultimately takes Webster's side against the Devil. In the [[The Devil and Daniel Webster (1941 film)|film]] he is replaced by Asa, the Black Monk.
* Metacom is featured in the 1995 film ''[[The Scarlet Letter (1995 film)|The Scarlet Letter]]'' as the Wampanoags' new chief after his father's death.
* David Kerr Chivers' ''Metacomet's War'' (2008) is an historical novel about King Philip's War.
* [[Narragansett people|Narragansett]] journalist [[John Christian Hopkins]]'s novel, ''Carlomagno,'' is a historical novel that imagines Metacom's son becoming a pirate after having been sold into slavery in the West Indies.
* The novel ''My Father's Kingdom'' (2017, by James W. George) focuses on the events leading to King Philip's War.
*There is a short section about Metacomet in the [[prologue]] of [[Tommy Orange]]’s novel ''[[There There (novel)|There There]]''.

==Legacy==
[[File:In the Miery Swamp marker.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The site of King Philip's death in Miery Swamp on Mount Hope]]
[[File:King Philip's Seat.jpg|thumb|250px|right| "King Philip's Seat", a meeting place on [[Mount Hope, Rhode Island]]]]
Numerous places are named after Metacomet:
* [[Metacomet Mill]] in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]], built in 1847 and named for the chief, is the oldest remaining textile mill in the city.
* King Philip Stockade, a large park named after the chief, where the Pocumtuc Indians planned and began the Sack of [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], is now a part of [[Forest Park (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Forest Park]] in Springfield
* [[King Philip Mills]] in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]], built 1871
* The [[USS Metacomet (1863)|USS ''Metacomet'']], an 1863 [[United States Navy]] ship
* The [[Metacomet Ridge]], a 100-mile long mountain range in southern New England
* The 51-mile [[Metacomet Trail]] in central Connecticut
* The 110-mile [[Metacomet-Monadnock Trail]] in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts and southern [[New Hampshire]]
* [[Metacomet Country Club]], a golf course in [[East Providence, Rhode Island]]
* Metacomet Park in [[Medfield, Massachusetts]]
* The Metacomet parcel of conservation land within the Black Brook Management Area in [[Easton, Massachusetts]]
* Metacom Avenue, a major road running through [[Bristol, Rhode Island|Bristol]] and [[Warren, Rhode Island]]
* Metacomet Avenues in [[Ocean Grove, Massachusetts|Ocean Grove]] and [[South Deerfield, Massachusetts]]
* Metacomet Lane in [[Franklin, Massachusetts]]
* Metacomet Road in [[Longmeadow, Massachusetts]]
* Metacomet Streets in [[Wrentham, Massachusetts|Wrentham]], [[Walpole, Massachusetts|Walpole]], and [[Belchertown, Massachusetts]]
* Multiple Metacomet street names surrounding the Metacomet Trail in Connecticut
* Mettacomet Path, a street in [[Harvard, Massachusetts]]
* Metacomet Road in [[Severn, Maryland]]
* Metacomet Drive (improperly designated by the USPS as Metacomet Street) in [[San Antonio, Texas]]<ref>Plat filed in the real property records of Bexar County, Texas at Vol. 5870, P. 88</ref>
* Metacomet Lake, a point of interest in [[Belchertown, Massachusetts]]
*King Philip Street in [[Fall River, Massachusetts]]
* [[King Philip Regional High School]], serving [[Plainville, Massachusetts|Plainville]], [[Wrentham, Massachusetts|Wrentham]], and [[Norfolk, Massachusetts]]
* [[King Philip Regional Middle School]] in [[Norfolk, Massachusetts]], which serves as the middle school for the above three towns
* [[King Philip Middle School]] in [[West Hartford, Connecticut]]
* [[King Phillip's Cave (Massachusetts)|King Phillip's Cave]] in [[Norton, Massachusetts]], a cave said to have been used by the chief as a hiding place towards the end of his reign<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060206225009/http://www.mamantapett.com/about_mgalinks/history.html History: MGA Links at Mamantapett], ''MGA Links'' (archived 2006)</ref>
* King Philip Mountain, a peak on [[Talcott Mountain]], near [[Hartford, Connecticut]]
* [[King Philip's Hill]], on the western bank of the Connecticut River in [[Northfield, Massachusetts]]
* King Phillip's Nose, a rock island in the Connecticut River, south of Northfield, Massachusetts
* King Philip's Rock, a historic site situated on a trail in [[Sharon, Massachusetts]]
* King Philip's Restaurant in [[Phillipston, Massachusetts]]
* King Philip Avenue/Road/Street or Drive in [[East Providence, Rhode Island|East Providence]] and [[Bristol, Rhode Island]]; [[Fall River, Massachusetts|Fall River]], [[Longmeadow, Massachusetts|Longmeadow]], [[Raynham, Massachusetts|Raynham]], [[Somerset, Massachusetts|Somerset]], [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], and [[South Deerfield, Massachusetts]]; and in [[West Hartford, Connecticut]]
* King Philip Woods Conservation Land in [[Sudbury, Massachusetts]]<ref>((Cite web| url=https://sudbury.ma.us/locations/kingphilip/| title=King Philip Woods Conservation Land| date=June 5, 2014| publisher=Town of Sudbury, Massachusetts| access-date=October 15, 2020))</ref>
* ''King Philip'', the [[clipper ship]] built in 1856, is periodically seen at [[Ocean Beach, San Francisco, California|Ocean Beach]] in San Francisco, California
* Phillips Pond and Phillipswood Road in [[Sandown, New Hampshire]]
*King Philip Trl Route 202 in Baldwinville, Massachusetts
*King Phillip Road, Taunton, MA

One insect species is named after Metacomet:
* ''[[Tipula metacomet]]'', a species of large crane fly with a type locality in Amherst, Massachusetts

==See also==
* Rev [[William Apess]], claimed descent from Metacomet
* [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island]]

==Footnotes==
((reflist|2))

==References==
* Bourne, Russel (1990). ''The Red King's Rebellion''. ((ISBN|0-689-12000-1)).
* Philbrick, Nathaniel, ''Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War''. New York: Viking Penguin. ((ISBN|0670037605)).
*Tilton, Rev. George Henry. (1918) "A History of Rehoboth, Massachusetts: Its History for 275 Years, 1648–1918." Boston, MA: Published by the author.

==External links==
((commons category))
* [http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050614/LIFESTYLE/106140098 The Royal Gazette article: The struggle to honour Bermuda’s Native American heritage.]
* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~massasoit/photo.htm Rootsweb: New England Indians. Bermuda Reconnection Festival 2002 Photo Album.]
* [http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~massasoit/causes.htm Rootsweb: Edward Randolph on the Causes of the King Philip's War (1685).]
* [http://www.rootsweb.com/~bmuwgw/stdavidislanders.htm Rootsweb: St. David's (Bermuda) Indian Committee.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060629084148/http://www.shire.net/flagman/wampanoag.htm Pokanoket/Wampanoag  Constitution. With History.]
* [http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h578.html US History.com: King Philip's War, 1675–76.]
* ((Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Philip|year=1900 |short=x |notaref=x))
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/377406/Metacom King Philip's Biography]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Metacomet))
[[Category:1638 births]]
[[Category:1676 deaths]]
[[Category:King Philip's War]]
[[Category:Native American leaders]]
[[Category:Native Americans connected with Plymouth Colony]]
[[Category:17th-century Native American leaders]]
[[Category:People from colonial Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Wampanoag people]]
[[Category:Native American history of Massachusetts]]

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