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((Short description|XML schema))
((oneref|date=December 2010))
'''Metadata Authority Description Schema''' (MADS) is an [[XML schema]] developed by the United States [[Library of Congress]]' Network Development and Standards Office that provides an [[authority control|authority]] element set to complement the [[Metadata Object Description Schema]] (MODS).<ref>((cite journal | title = Standards Update: Some Interesting XML Standards  | author = Mark Needleman | journal = [[Serials Review]] | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | date = March 2005 | pages = 70–71 | doi =  10.1016/j.serrev.2004.11.012 ))</ref>

== History ==
* April 2004: Preliminary version for review
* December 2004: Draft for review
* April 2005: Version 1.0 published
* June 2011:  Version 2.0 published<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads-2-0.xsd |title= MADS Version 2.0 |website= [[Library of Congress]] |accessdate=2022-03-18))</ref>
* September 2016:  Version 2.1 published<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads-2-1.xsd |title= MADS Version 2.1 |website= [[Library of Congress]] |accessdate=2022-03-18))</ref>

== What MADS Is ==
((Unreferenced section|date=March 2022))
MADS does [[authority control]].  It is a schema to define people, organizations, and geographical locations which can be involved in creating or publishing a creative work, publication, or artifact.  Descriptive schemas for creative works and publications can reference MADS, with the underlying descriptive schema describing the item and referencing a MADS record which describes a creator or location.  Authority control allows precise work with issues such as distinguishing multiple authors who share a name, sorting a list of books based on where each was published, and identifying all publications by scholars who are members of a specific organization or graduates of a specific college.

MADS is a schema for carrying authority control information and for describing authorities.  It is not a controlled vocabulary nor a registry.  It can reference controlled vocabularies or registries, such as [[Virtual International Authority File|Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)]], [[ORCID|Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID)]], or the [[Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names|Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)]].

== MADS/RDF ==
MADS was originally formulated as an XML schema, but it also has an expression in [[Resource Description Framework]] (RDF), called MADS/RDF. MADS/RDF expresses and makes statements about Authorities and their Variants, which are controlled records, and distinguishes these from the real-world objects (RWOs) they describe.<ref name=MADSRDFPrimer>((Cite web|last=|first=|date=2015|title=MADS/RDF Primer|url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/rdf/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Library of Congress Standards|publisher=USA Library of Congress))</ref> 

The Library of Congress had been representing bibliographic authority data in [[Simple Knowledge Organization System]] (SKOS) since 2009.  However, they found that they couldn’t present the full structure of authorities such as the LC Subject Headings (LCSH) in a general-purpose form such as SKOS.  MADS/RDF is intended to complement SKOS: its classes and properties are subclasses of appropriate SKOS items.  For example, madsrdf:Authority is a sub-class of skos:Concept, and madsrdf:authoritativeLabel is a sub-property of skos:prefLabel.<ref name="MADSRDFPrimer" /> 

MADS/RDF authority items use both ''authoritativeLabel''s, which are structured strings like "United States--New Jersey--Essex--Montclair", and collections of typed nodes such as {Country, State, County, City}.<ref name="MADSRDFPrimer" />  

== Further reading ==
* ((cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/mads-announce.html |title=Announcement: Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS) available for trial use |author=Sally McCallum |website=Library of Congress |access-date=July 16, 2022))

== References ==
((reflist))

== External links ==
* ((official|https://www.loc.gov/standards/mads/))

[[Category:Bibliography file formats]]
[[Category:Library cataloging and classification]]
[[Category:Metadata standards]]

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