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((Short description|Brand name for a fabric-plastic composite))
((Multiple issues|
((Cleanup|reason=too long and unstructured|date=November 2014))
((more citations needed|date=September 2014))
))

'''Micarta''' is a brand name for [[Composite material|composites]] of [[linen]], [[canvas]], [[paper]], [[fiberglass]], [[carbon fiber]], or other fabric in a [[thermosetting plastic]]. It was originally used in electrical and decorative applications. Micarta was developed by [[George Westinghouse]] at least as early as 1910 using [[phenolic resin]]s invented by [[Leo Baekeland]]. These resins were used to impregnate paper and cotton fabric which were cured under pressure and high temperature to produce laminates. In later years this manufacturing method included the use of fiberglass fabric, and other resin types were also used. Today Micarta high-pressure industrial laminates are produced with a wide variety of resins and fibers.  The term has been used generically for most resin impregnated fiber compounds. Common uses of modern high-pressure laminates include electrical insulators, printed circuit board substrates, and knife handles.

The Micarta trademark is a registered trademark of Industrial Laminates / Norplex, Inc. (dba Norplex-Micarta), but as with many trademarks, it is often used generically for similar products from other producers, as well as homemade products.

== Manufacturing process ==
[[File:Micarta knife handle.jpg|right|thumb|Micarta knife handle]]
Micarta industrial laminates are normally [[Phenol formaldehyde resin|phenolic]], [[epoxy]], [[silicone]], or [[melamine resin]] based thermoset materials reinforced with fiberglass, [[Cork (material)|cork]], [[cotton]] cloth, paper, carbon fiber or other substrates. Micarta industrial laminate sheet is a hard, dense material made by applying heat and pressure to layers of [[Pre-preg|prepreg]]. These layers of lamination usually consist of cellulose paper, cotton fabrics, synthetic yarn fabrics, glass fabrics, or unwoven fabrics. When heat and pressure are applied to the layers, a chemical reaction ([[polymerization]]) transforms the layers into a high-pressure thermosetting industrial laminated plastic.

Micarta industrial laminates are manufactured in dozens of commercial grades.

== Applications ==
[[File:CNG Storage Cylinders and Micarta -2.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Compressed natural gas]] storage cylinder in the process of being installed in saddle supports using Micarta insulation as an electrical insulator.]]
The largest use for Micarta industrial laminates is a high strength electrical insulation in power generating and distribution equipment. Laminates are also used in heavy equipment, aerospace (such as propeller blades<ref>((Cite web|url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196934/test-propellers/|title=Test Propellers|website=National Museum of the United States Air Force™))</ref>); automotive parts; office equipment; tabletops and countertops; electronics; electrical insulation between pressure vessels or piping and their supports; handles such as those of knives, BBQ and kitchen tools as well as handgun grips; guitar fingerboards, nuts and bridges; pool cues; and safety gear such as hard hats. Between 1935 and 1945, Westinghouse's Power-Aire desk fans used blades made of Micarta.((Citation needed|date=January 2012))

Micarta 259-2 was used as the ablation heat shield material in early ICBM warheads.<ref>Heppenheimer, "Facing the Heat Barrier", NASA, 2007</ref>

== Ownership ==
Micarta's industrial laminate division and name were purchased by Norplex in 2003, merging two of the largest industrial laminate manufactures in the United States. Norplex still manufactures Micarta and produces over 100 different versions of Micarta offered in sheet, tube, and rod forms.

== See also ==
* [[Composite epoxy material]]
* [[FR-4]], epoxy-fiberglass PC board laminate for printed circuit boards, which has largely replaced micarta for the purpose.
* [[G10 (material)|G10]]

== References ==
((Reflist))
* American Machinist (Trade Journal): Micarta is a new insulating material developed by Westinghouse, [http://reference.insulators.info/publications/view/?id=12982 American Machinist, New York, NY, United States, Thursday, July 17, 1913, vol. 39, no. 3, p. 122, col. 1-2]

== External links ==
* [http://www.norplex-micarta.com/ Norplex-Micarta Industrial Composites]

[[Category:Composite materials]]

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