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Michael Apter
Apter in 2017
Born	Michael John Apter 1939 (age 83–84) Stockton-on-Tees, England
Alma mater	Clifton College Bristol University
Known for	Research in motivation, personality, reversal theory
Scientific career
Fields	Psychology, Artificial Intelligence
Institutions	Cardiff University, Purdue University, University Chicago, Yale University, University of Toulouse, Georgetown University, Northwestern University

Michael J. Apter (born 1939) is a British psychologist who was born in England and grew up in Bristol.^[1] He was educated at Clifton College (1965) and at Bristol University where he gained both his Bachelor of Science degree and his Doctorate in Psychology in 1965,^[2] having also spent a doctoral year at Princeton University. He taught for twenty years at Cardiff University in Wales and has since held invited positions at Purdue University, the University of Chicago, Yale University, University of Toulouse,^[3] and Georgetown University.^[4] He also taught at Northwestern University where he received a teaching award.^[5] He has held visiting positions at several additional universities and is a chartered psychologist and fellow of the British Psychological Society.^[6]

Apter's work has been mainly in personality, in particular reversal theory.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Selected works

Apter, Michael J. (1966) Cybernetics and Development. Oxford: Pergamon Press. ISBN 978-0-08-011431-6
Apter, Michael J. (1970/2018) The Computer Simulation of Behaviour. London. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138496743
Apter, Michael J. (1982) The Experience of Motivation: The Theory of Psychological Reversals, London Academic Press. ISBN 0-12058920-6
Apter, Michael J. (1992) The Dangerous Edge: The Psychology of Excitement. New York. The Free Press. ISBN 0-02900765-8
Apter. Michael J. (2001) (Ed) Motivational Styles in Everyday Life. A Guide to Reversal Theory. Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association. ISBN 1-55798-739-4
Apter. Michael J. (2007) Reversal Theory: The Dynamics of Motivation, Emotion and Personality 2nd, Edition. Oxford: Oneworld. ISBN 978-1851684809
Apter, Michael J. (2018) Zigzag: Reversal and Paradox in Human Personality. Leicestershire U.K.: Matador. ISBN 978-1788038867

References

^ Chapman, A.J.; Conroy, W.; Sheehy, N. (2002). Biographical Dictionary of Psychology. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 9780415285612. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
^ Apter, Michael. "Curriculum Vitae" (PDF).
^ "Michael J. Apter". Oneworld Publications. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
^ "Human Resources". Georgetown University. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
^ "About". Michael Apter. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
^ Perks, Julie. "Oral History Project". History of Psychology Centre. The British Psychological Society. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
^ "The Apter Framework: The Dynamics of Motivation and Emotion – ABP".
^ Apter, Michael J (1 September 1984). "Reversal theory and personality: A review". Journal of Research in Personality. 18 (3): 265–288. doi:10.1016/0092-6566(84)90013-8 – via ScienceDirect.
^ "Michael Apter – REVERSAL THEORY: The Dynamics of Motivation, Emotion and Personality".

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