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((more citations needed|date= July 2018))
((Infobox academic
| name = Michel Jouvet
| image = Michel_Jouvet.jpg
| birth_name=((nowrap|Michel Valentin Marcel Jouvet))
| birth_date = ((birth date|1925|11|16|df=y))
| birth_place =[[Lons-le-Saunier]], [[Jura (department)|Jura]], [[France]]
| death_date = ((death date and age|2017|10|3|1925|11|15|df=y))
| death_place = [[Villeurbanne]], France
| occupation =[[Neuroscientist]], medical researcher
| notable_works = 
| known_for =  [[sleep medicine|sleep research]]
| other_names = 
| period = 1950s&ndash;2017
| alma_mater = [[University of Lyon]]<br>University of Paris (Medicine)
| workplaces =[[University of Lyon]]
| spouse = 
))
'''Michel Valentin Marcel Jouvet''' (16 November 1925 &ndash; 3 October 2017) was a French [[neuroscientist]] and medical researcher.

His works, and those of his team, have brought about the discovery of [[paradoxical sleep]] (a term he coined<ref name="Telegraph obit" />) and to its individualisation as the third state of functioning of the brain (1959), to the discovery of its [[Phylogenetics|phylogenesis]], of its [[Ontogeny|ontogenesis]] and its main mechanisms. Jouvet was the researcher who first developed the [[analeptic]] drug [[Modafinil]].

== Career ==
Jouvet was Professor of Experimental Medicine at the [[University of Lyon]]. He was Director of the Research Unit INSERM U 52 ([[Molecular]] [[Onirology]]) and of the Associated Unit UA 1195 of the CNRS (states of vigilance [[neurobiology]]). He spent one year in the laboratory of [[Horace Winchell Magoun|Horace Magoun]] in [[Long Beach, California]] in 1955.<ref>((cite news|title=He unlocked secrets of REM sleep | first= Daniel E. |last= Slotnik |date=October 13, 2017 | work= [[The Globe and Mail]] |agency=New York Times News Service |page=S9))</ref>  He then undertook research in both experimental [[neurophysiology]] at the Faculty of Medicine of Lyon and [[clinical neurophysiology]] at the Neurological Hospital of Lyon.

He described the [[electroencephalogram]] signs of cerebral death in 1959, and in 1961 categorized [[sleep]] into two different states: telencephalic (slow wave) sleep and rhombencephalic sleep (paradoxical sleep, known as REM sleep in English-language writings on the subject). He mapped the areas of the brain that are responsible for REM.<ref name= "Telegraph obit">((cite news| url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2017/10/12/michel-jouvet-pioneering-sleep-scientist-obituary/ | title= Michel Jouvet, pioneering sleep scientist | work= [[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]| date= October 12, 2017| access-date= July 26, 2018))</ref>

His review "Paradoxical sleep mechanisms" was published in the journal ''Sleep'' in 1994.<ref name= AAcademy>((cite web| url= https://aasm.org/michel-jouvet-sleep-research-pioneer-1925-2017/ |title= Michel Jouvet: Sleep research pioneer (1925 – 2017)| website= aasm.org| publisher=  American Academy of Sleep Medicine| date= October 4, 2017 | access-date= July 26, 2018))</ref> In ''The Paradox of Sleep'' ([[MIT Press]], 1999) Jouvet proposed the speculative theory that the purpose of [[dream]]ing is a kind of iterative neurological programming that works to preserve an individual's psychological heredity, the basis of personality. He also wrote a novel, ''The Castle of Dreams''.<ref name= AAcademy />

In 1959, Jouvet conducted several experiments on [[cat]]s regarding muscle atonia ([[paralysis]]) during [[REM sleep]]. Jouvet demonstrated that the generation of REM sleep depends on an intact [[pontine tegmentum]] and that REM atonia is due to an inhibition of motor centres in the [[medulla oblongata]]. Cats with [[lesions]] around the [[locus coeruleus]] have less restricted muscle movement during REM sleep, and show a variety of complex behaviours including motor patterns suggesting that they are dreaming of attack, defence and exploration. Jouvet's research led to the identification of REM sleep behavior disorder.<ref name= AAcademy />

==Honors and awards==
He was elected in 1977 to the [[French Academy of Sciences]] and received the Intra-Sciences Prize in the [[United States]] in 1981 and the Prize of the Foundation for the Medical Research in 1983. In 1991 he was awarded the prestigious [[Prix mondial Cino Del Duca]].

The Sleep Research Society presented him with its Distinguished Scientist Award in 1990.<ref name= AAcademy /> In June 2003, Jouvet was recognized at the 17th annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies (APSS).<ref name= AAcademy />

==Death==
Jouvet died at age 91.<ref name= "Telegraph obit" />

==See also==
*[[Eugene Aserinsky]]
*[[William C. Dement]]
*[[Nathaniel Kleitman]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Jouvet, Michel Valentin Marcel))
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2017 deaths]]
[[Category:Electroencephalographers]]
[[Category:People from Lons-le-Saunier]]
[[Category:French educators]]
[[Category:French medical researchers]]
[[Category:Sleep researchers]]
[[Category:Oneirologists]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:French neuroscientists]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]

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