Kaman
Geman, Kman
Miju, Kùmán
Pronunciation	[kɯ˧˩mɑn˧˥]
Region	Arunachal Pradesh, India
Ethnicity	Miju Mishmi
Native speakers	18,000 (2006)[1]
Language family	possibly Sino-Tibetan (Midzuish), or a language isolate Kaman
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mxj
Glottolog	miju1243
ELP	Miju-Mishmi
Miju is classified as Vulnerable by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Kaman (Geman, Geman Deng, Kùmán, Kman), or Miju (Miju Mishmi, Midzu), is a small language of India and China. Long assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan language, it may be a language isolate.^[2]

Locations

In China, the Miju are known as the Deng 僜人. The Deng number over 1,000 in Zayü County, Tibet, China, with 1,000 of the Deng having the autonym tɑ31 ruɑŋ53 (大让), and 130 having the autonym kɯ31 mɑn35 (格曼) (Geman). They are also neighbors with the Idu or i53 du31 (义都) people.^{[citation needed]}

In India, Miju is spoken in Hawai Circle and the Parsuram Kund area of Lohit District, Arunachal Pradesh (Boro 1978,^[3] Dasgupta 1977^[4]). Ethnologue reports that Miju is spoken in 25 villages located in high altitude areas to the east of upper Lohit and Dau valleys, which are located east of the Haguliang, Billong, and Tilai valleys.^{[citation needed]}

Phonology

These are the sounds in the Miju/Kaman language.^[5]

Consonants

Vowels

/ɯ/ may also be heard as [ɨ].

Tones

There are three main tones in the Miju language, rising (á), falling (à), and level (ā).^[6]

Registers

Kman has various registers that are used in different situations. These include:^[7]

• shamanic
• hunting
• cursing and scolding
• poetic