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((Use dmy dates|date=September 2017))
((refimprove|date=March 2014))
((Infobox officeholder
|name         = Miles Macdonell
|image        = Miles MacDonell.jpg
|image_size   = 
|caption      = Miles Macdonell
|office       = 1st [[Red River Colony#GovernorsofRedRiver|Governor of the Red River Colony]]
|term_start   = August 1812 
|term_end     = June 1815
|successor    = [[Robert Semple (Canada)|Robert Semple]]
|birth_date   = ((circa|1767))
|birth_place  = [[Inverness]], [[Scotland]]
|death_date   = ((death date and age|28 June 1828|1767|df=y))
|death_place  = [[Pointe-Fortune, Quebec|Pointe-Fortune]], [[Upper Canada]] 
|parents      = [[John_MacDonell_(Revolutionary_War_loyalist)|John MacDonell of Scothouse]]
|occupation   = [[North American fur trade|Fur Trader]], Governor of the Red River Colony
|nationality  = [[Scottish Canadians|Scottish, Canadian]]
|spouse       = 
|children     = 
))
'''Miles MacDonell''' (((circa|1767)) – 28 June 1828) was the first governor of the [[Red River Colony]] (or, [[Assiniboia]]), a 19th-century [[Scotland|Scottish]] settlement located in present-day [[Manitoba]] and [[North Dakota]].

[[Miles Macdonell Collegiate]], opened in 1952, in [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]], was named in his honour.

== Biography ==
He was born in [[Inverness]], [[Scotland]], around 1767. In 1773, his father, Colonel [[John_MacDonell_(Revolutionary_War_loyalist)|John MacDonell of Scothouse]] (Spanish John), [[Inverness-shire]], and three of his cousins chartered the [[HMS Pearl (1762)|Pearl]] and brought over five hundred of their families and friends, at the invitation of [[Sir William Johnson]], and settled at [[Caughnawaga, New York|Caughnawaga]], on the [[Mohawk River]], in the [[Province of New York]].

Miles, who showed military tendencies at an early age, was appointed [[Ensign (rank)|ensign]] in the [[King's Royal Regiment of New York]] in 1792, lieutenant in the Royal Canadian volunteers in 1794, and captain in the same corps in 1796. At the request of [[Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk|Lord Selkirk]], he came to [[London]] in 1803, and was induced by that nobleman to assume the post of governor of Selkirk's planned colony on the [[Red River of the North|Red River]] in the Northwest territory. Selkirk, a shareholder in the [[Hudson's Bay Company]], had bought 300,000&nbsp;km² (116,000&nbsp;mi²) of land in the [[Red River Valley]] from the company in order to provide a home in the New World for destitute Scots and to deny the land to Hudson's Bay's commercial rival, the [[North West Company]].

Macdonell collected the first body of colonists, composed principally of evicted [[Scottish Highlands|Scottish Highlanders]] from the [[Sutherland]] estates, in 1812. He sailed from [[Stornoway, Outer Hebrides|Stornoway]] for the colony in 1811. The group wintered at [[York Factory]], and reached the Red River the following August. On his arrival, he was at once met with opposition from the agents of the North West Company, whose headquarters were at [[Montreal]]. On 11 June 1815, representatives of the North West Company attacked and fired upon the colonists, and demanded the surrender of Governor Macdonell, who, to avoid the loss of blood, gave himself up voluntarily. He was taken to Montreal as a prisoner, and charges were laid against him by his enemies, but his case was not tried. During his ten or twelve years' connection with the [[Red River Colony]], he was its leading spirit and took an active and decided part in the feuds of the Hudson's Bay Company and North West trading companies, after which he returned to his farm at [[Osnabruck Township, Ontario|Osnabruck]], [[Upper Canada]].

Historians have generally agreed that, despite the inherent difficulties of establishing a colony at the Red River amid the fierce competition between the fur-trading companies, Macdonell must bear some of the responsibility for the colony’s initial failure. They have focused upon his character faults, his inability to inspire trust and loyalty among his people, his obstinacy, his arrogance, his unaccommodating temper, and his lack of staying power. It was these flaws, as well as his lack of shrewdness and diplomatic skill, that led to his failures. Either he never understood his situation, or worse, refused to come to grips with it. Nowhere is this better shown than in the decision to issue the [[Pemmican Proclamation]]. It was promulgated at a time when the colony was too weak to defend itself and it offered the NWC excellent propaganda against both the HBC and Lord Selkirk. His behaviour during those years suggests that he saw the colony as entirely separate from the fur trade but his point of view does not excuse an insensitivity that blinded him to the provocative nature of his actions. Through a similar blindness he alienated his own people, seeking out the company of "gentlemen" in preference to theirs.<ref>((cite DCB |first=Herbert J. |last=Mays |title=Macdonell, Miles |volume=6 |url=http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/macdonell_miles_6E.html))</ref>

In later years, he lived at the residence of his brother John at [[Pointe-Fortune, Quebec|Pointe-Fortune]] on the [[Ottawa River]] where he died in 1828.

== References ==
((reflist))

== External links ==
*[http://www.mmc.retsd.mb.ca Miles MacDonell Collegiate]
*[http://www.mmcalumni.ca Miles MacDonell Collegiate Alumni Association] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060705230104/http://www.mmcalumni.ca/ |date=5 July 2006 ))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Macdonell, Miles))
[[Category:MacDonell family|Miles Macdonell]]
[[Category:1760s births]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:1828 deaths]]
[[Category:Canadian fur traders]]
[[Category:People from Red River Colony]]
[[Category:People from Inverness]]
[[Category:Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario]]
[[Category:Immigrants to Upper Canada]]
[[Category:People of the Red River Rebellion]]
[[Category:Pemmican War]]

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