Milhamoth ha-Shem (Hebrew: מלחמות השם) or Milhamoth Adonai (Wars of the Lord) is the title of several Hebrew polemical texts. The phrase is taken from the Book of the Wars of the Lord referenced in Numbers 21:14–15.

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Salmon ben Jeroham, 10th century

Salmon ben Jeroham's The Book of the Wars of the Lord is a Karaite refutation of Saadia Gaon from the late 900s.[1][2]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Jacob ben Reuben, 12th century

The Milhamoth ha-Shem of Jacob ben Reuben, is a 12th-century Jewish apologia against conversion by Christians, consisting of questions and answers from selected texts of Gospel of Matthew, including Matt. 1:1–16, 3:13–17, 4:1–11, 5:33–40, 11:25–27, 12:1–8, 26:36–39, 28:16–20.[3] It served as a precedent for the full Hebrew translation and interspersed commentary on Matthew found in Ibn Shaprut's Touchstone c. 1385.[4]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Abraham, son of Maimonides, 13th century

Abraham Maimonides's Wars of the Lord is a treatise defending his father Maimonides against slander.[5][6]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Nachmanides, 13th century

Nachmanides's Wars of the Lord is a Halakhic treatise attacking Zerahiah ha-Levi's commentary on Alfasi. The treatise goes in great detail on the piece of Talmud at hand.[7]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Levi ben Gershom, 14th century

The Wars of the LordGersonides (1288–1344) is a religious, astronomical and philosophical treatise.[8]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Abner of Burgos (Alfonso of Valladolid), 14th century.

Abner of Burgos (ca1260-ca1347) was a convert to Christianity who wrote polemical works in Hebrew between 1320 and 1340. This text is Hebrew anti-Jewish polemic that is now lost but quotations of it survive in the Latin writing of the fifteenth-century convert Paul of Burgos (Scrutinium Scripturarum) and the polemicist Alonso de Espina (Fortalitium fidei). It served as a template for Abner's later work ʾMoreh Zedek, which now survives in a Castilian translation as Mostrador de justicia and much material from the Sefer is repeated there. Abner translated the work into Castilian himself at the behest of Blanca, Lady of Las Huelgas in Burgos around the year 1320, and a copy of this translation was seen by traveller Ambrosio de Morales in Valladolid in the 16th century.[9]

Milhamoth ha-Shem of Yiḥyeh Qafeḥ, 1931

The seminal work composed by Yiḥyeh Qafeḥ (Hebrew: רבי יחיא בן שלמה קאפח‎), Chief Rabbi of Sana'a, Yemen and protagonist of the Dor Deah movement in Orthodox Judaism. Qafeḥ's Milḥamot HaShem (1931), which he began to write in 1914,[10] argues that the Zohar is not authentic.

References

  1. ^ Milhamoth ha-Shem of Salmon ben Jeroham, Davidson 1934
  2. ^ The Jewish quarterly review 1937 "It is, therefore, with great joy that students of early Karaism will receive the first complete edition of Salmon's main polemical work, the Sifer Milhamoth ha-Shem, recently published by Prof. Davidson"
  3. ^ William Horbury Hebrew study from Ezra to Ben-Yehuda 1999 128
  4. ^ J. Rosenthal (ed.), Jacob b. Reuben, Milhamoth ha-Shem (Jerusalem, 1963), pp. 141–52
  5. ^ Maimon, A.M.; Dienstag, J.I.; Rosner, F. (2000). Abraham Maimonides' Wars of the Lord and the Maimonidean Controversy. Maimonides Research Institute. p. 201. The name of the work, Milchamot Hashem, literally "The Wars of the Lord," seems to indicate that Abraham Maimonides considered it to be a divine duty to defend his father's works against the slanderers and liars.
  6. ^ Milchamot Hashem of Rabbi Avraham ben HaRambam With comments and explanations by Rabbi Reuven Margaliot. Publisher: Mossad HaRav Kook
  7. ^ "MOSES BEN NAḤMAN GERONDI - JewishEncyclopedia.com". www.jewishencyclopedia.com. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  8. ^ Levi ben Gershom Wars of the Lord translated into English by Seymour Feldman in 3 volumes (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 1984, 1987, 1999) "As Gersonides tells us in his Introduction to the Wars of the Lord, he will consider in this treatise only those topics that were not adequately or completely treated by his predecessors, especially Maimonides."
  9. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-26.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2021-08-18.((cite web)): CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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