The ministries of Poland are the various departments performing functions implemented by the Polish government. Each ministry is headed by a governmental minister selected by the Prime Minister, who sits in the collective executive Council of Ministers. The current competences and regulations of the ministries were established under a series of central administrative reforms carried out by prime ministers Józef Oleksy and Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz between 1996 and 1997.[1][2] Under legal regulations, the cabinet can create, combine, or dissolve ministries, with the Prime Minister determining the scope and responsibilities of ministers. The number and range of ministries has varied throughout the past.
As of 2023, ministries exist within the government and discharge executive functions under the Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk.
In connection with maintaining continuity with the legislation of the Polish People's Republic during Poland's systemic transformation carried out in 1989-1991, previous rules of organizing the chief organs of public administration were maintained. The office of a minister and the ministry serving them were established by means of a law. On this basis the Council of Ministers issued a decree on the detailed scope of a minister's activities and a decree (initially a resolution) on granting ministries organizational statutes.
At the end of 1991, after the first free legislative election was held, the following ministries and offices with the rights of ministries functioned in Poland:
Pursuant to the act of 8 August 1996, the acts of 12 June 1996 and 8 August 1996 reforming the functioning of the economy and public administration came into force:
under provisions taking effect on 1 October 1996:
in place of the Ministry of Ownership Transformation, along with the separation of tasks related to the State Treasury from other ministries, central offices and state organizational units, the Ministry of State Treasury was established,
creation the Office of the Committee for European Integration in order to perform tasks related to handling the Committee of European Integration,
separation of the Office of State Protection from the Ministry of Internal Affairs, which was then transferred under the direst supervision of the Prime Minister,
under provisions taking effect on 1 January 1997:
the Ministry of Finance gained a new legal basis,
in place of the Ministry of Industry and Trade and the Ministry of Economic Cooperation Abroad, and after separating out part of the tasks of the liquidated Office of Central Planning, the Ministry of Economy was established,
in place of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and after separating out part of the tasks of the liquidated Office of the Council of Ministers and the liquidated Ministry of Spatial Planning and Construction (part of its tasks were also taken over by two newly created central offices: the Central Office of Geodesy and Cartography and the Office of Housing and Urban Development), the Ministry of the Interior and Administration was established,
in place of the Office of Central Planning (part of its tasks were taken over the newly established Ministry of Economy) the Government Center of Strategic Studies was established,
in place of the Office of the Council of Ministers (part of its tasks were taken over by the newly created Ministry of the Interior and Administration) the Chancellery of the Prime Minister (the structure did not formally received the status of a ministry, but secretaries and undersecretaries of state are appointed in it and its statute is given in accordance with the rules of the organization of ministries).
New rules regarding the organization of government administration were introduced by the act of 8 August 1996 on the Council of Ministers and the act of 4 August 1997 on the departments of government administration. From that time, a ministry is formed by the means of a decree of the Council of Ministers. The detailed scope of a minister's activities are established by means of a decree of the Prime Minister, on the basis of which that ministers receive the authority to head individual departments (these provisions are also applied to committee chairmen who are part of the government). The statute of a ministry is granted by order (until 1 January, 2002 by decree) of the Prime Minister.
Ministries in 1999
On 1 April 1999, the previously enacted acts regarding the organization of chief organs of government administration were repealed (as an exception, certain articles relating to the offices of ministers responsible for public finance, the State Treasury or internal affairs were retained). At the same time, a stipulation was introduced that ministers and their subordinated ministers operate in accordance with the existing laws until the date of entry into force of the new legal basis. In addition, the laws under which the following offices functioned were upheld in their entirety:
Ministry of National Defense
Office of the Scientific Research Committee
Office of the Committee of European Integration
Government Center for Strategic Studies.
On 18 October 1999, decrees of the Council of Ministers from 12 October 1999 came into effect, under which the following was given a new legal basis:
Ministry of the Interior and Administration.
On 10 November 1999, decrees of the Council of Ministers from 26 October 1999 came into effect, under which the following was created:
Ministry of Culture and National Heritage
Ministry of Labor and Social Policy
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
Ministry of the Environment
Ministry of Health.
On 10 November 1999, decrees of the Council of Ministers from 3 November 1999 came into effect, under which the following were given new legal bases:
