mir-221
Conserved secondary structure of mir-221
Identifiers
Symbolmir-221
RfamRF00651
miRBase familyMIPF0000051
HGNC31601
OMIM300568
Other data
RNA typemicroRNA
Domain(s)Eukaryota; Vertebrata;
PDB structuresPDBe

In molecular biology, mir-221 microRNA (and its paralogue, mir-222) is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.

mir-221 is an oncogenic microRNA.[1] It targets CD117, which then prevents cell migration and proliferation in endothelial cells.[2][3] miR-221 is known as an anti angiogenic miRNA.[4][5] Recent important studies have reported that miR-221 is also involved in induction of angiogenesis.[6][7][8] RNA induced Silencing Complex (RISC) proteins SND1 and AEG-1 induces miR-221 expression in Liver cancer.[9] In liver cancer miR-221 induces the tumor angiogenesis.[6] miR-221 detection in human faeces can be a non-invasive screening marker for colorectal cancer.[10]

miR-221 has been identified as playing a role in androgenetic alopecia.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Pang, Y; Young, CY; Yuan, H (15 June 2010). "MicroRNAs and prostate cancer". Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica. 42 (6): 363–369. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmq038. PMID 20539944.
  2. ^ Urbich, C; Kuehbacher, A; Dimmeler, S (1 September 2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis". Cardiovascular Research. 79 (4): 581–588. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn156. PMID 18550634.
  3. ^ Vasilatou, D; Papageorgiou, S; Pappa, V; Papageorgiou, E; Dervenoulas, J (1 January 2010). "The role of microRNAs in normal and malignant hematopoiesis". European Journal of Haematology. 84 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2009.01348.x. PMID 19744129. S2CID 46395419.
  4. ^ Kuehbacher A, Urbich C, Dimmeler S (2008). "Targeting microRNA expression to regulate angiogenesis". Trends Pharmacol Sci. 29 (1): 12–15. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2007.10.014. PMID 18068232.
  5. ^ Urbich C, Kuehbacher A, Dimmeler S (2008). "Role of microRNAs in vascular diseases, inflammation, and angiogenesis". Cardiovasc Res. 79 (4): 581–588. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn156. PMID 18550634.
  6. ^ a b Santhekadur PK, Das SK, Gredler R, Chen D, Srivastava J, Robertson C, Baldwin AS, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2012). "Multifunction protein staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through novel pathway that involves nuclear factor κB and miR-221". J Biol Chem. 287 (17): 13952–13958. doi:10.1074/jbc.M111.321646. PMC 3340184. PMID 22396537.
  7. ^ Nicoli S, Knyphausen CP, Zhu LJ, Lakshmanan A, Lawson ND (2012). "miR-221 is required for endothelial tip cell behaviors during vascular development". Dev Cell. 22 (2): 418–429. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.01.008. PMC 3285411. PMID 22340502.
  8. ^ Le Bot, Nathalie (2 April 2012). "MicroRNAs in angiogenesis". Nat. Cell Biol. 14 (4): 342. doi:10.1038/ncb2484. S2CID 45572115.
  9. ^ Yoo BK, Santhekadur PK, Gredler R, Chen D, Emdad L, Bhutia S, Pannell L, Fisher PB, Sarkar D (2011). "Increased RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) activity contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepatology. 53 (5): 1538–1548. doi:10.1002/hep.24216. PMC 3081619. PMID 21520169.
  10. ^ Yau, T. O.; Wu, C. W.; Dong, Y.; Tang, C.-M.; Ng, S. S. M.; Chan, F. K. L.; Sung, J. J. Y.; Yu, J. (28 October 2014). "microRNA-221 and microRNA-18a identification in stool as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma". British Journal of Cancer. 111 (9): 1765–1771. doi:10.1038/bjc.2014.484. ISSN 0007-0920. PMC 4453736. PMID 25233396.
  11. ^ Li K, Sun Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Qu Q, Wang G, Wang J, Chen R, Fan Z, Liu B, Li Y, Mao X, Hu Z, Miao Y. The AR/miR-221/IGF-1 pathway mediates the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia. Int J Biol Sci. 2023 Jun 26;19(11):3307-3323. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.80481. PMID: 37496996; PMCID: PMC10367565.

Further reading

External links


miRNA precursor families
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