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((EngvarB|date=October 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2013))
((More citations needed|article|date=October 2009))
((Infobox historic site
| name = Mitchelstown Castle
| native_name =
| image = Mitchelstown Castle.jpg
| caption = 19th-century painting of the former castle
| locmapin = Ireland
| coordinates = ((coord|52|16|20|N|08|16|48|W|display=inline,title))
| location = [[Mitchelstown]], [[County Cork]], Ireland.
| area =
| built = 19th century
| demolished = 1920's
| built_for = 3rd [[Earl of Kingston]]
| architect =[[James Pain|James]] and [[George Richard Pain|George Pain]].
))

'''Mitchelstown Castle''', the former home of the Anglo Irish [[Earl of Kingston|Earls of Kingston]], was located in the north [[County Cork]] town of [[Mitchelstown]] in Ireland.

==15th to 18th century==
((unreferenced section|date=April 2016))
''White Knights, Dark Earls'' is to date the most extensive published account of Mitchelstown Castle, which was the biggest [[neo-Gothic]] house in Ireland. A castle was first built at Mitchelstown in the 15th century by the White Knights of Mitchelstown, from whom, through marriage, it passed to the King family, Barons and Earls of Kingston. [[James King, 4th Baron Kingston|James, 4th Baron Kingston]], extensively refurbished and modernised the castle in the 1730s. After his death in 1761, the castle passed to his granddaughter, Caroline Fitzgerald. She [[cousin marriage|married her cousin]] [[Robert King, 2nd Earl of Kingston|Robert King, Viscount Kingsborough]], who was, from 1797, the 2nd Earl of Kingston. The Kingsboroughs demolished most of the old Mitchelstown Castle in the 1770s and incorporated what remained into a new [[Palladian]] mansion, described as a 'house with wings'.They employed the young [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] as governess to their three children

==19th century==
In 1823, after his succession, their son, George, 3rd Earl of Kingston, demolished the [[Palladian architecture|Palladian house]] and replaced it with a new castle designed by [[James Pain|James]] and [[George Richard Pain]].<ref>((cite book|last= Preston Neale|first=John|author-link=John Preston Neale|author2=Thomas Moule|author2-link=Thomas Moule|title=Views of the seats of noblemen and gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland|publisher=Sherwood, Jones and Co. |date=1825|pages=(no page numbers)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpEZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22mitchelstown+castle+was+commenced+by+the+present+nobleman%22&pg=PT334|access-date=17 October 2009))</ref> It had 60 principal and 20 minor bedrooms, a ((convert|100|ft|m|adj=mid|-long)) gallery, three libraries, morning room, dining room (which could seat 100 guests at one sitting) and various other facilities.<ref>[http://www.mitchelstown.org/history/images/jpg/castle.jpg Mitchelstown Castle profile] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727090417/http://www.mitchelstown.org/history/images/jpg/castle.jpg |date=27 July 2011 )), mitchelstown.org; accessed 25 April 2016.</ref>

Mitchelstown Castle was the biggest [[neo-Gothic architecture|neo-Gothic house]] in Ireland, cost £100,000 to build<ref>((cite book|last=Samuel|first=Lewis|title=A topographical dictionary of Ireland|publisher=S. Lewis|date=1837|pages=373|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqzRAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22the+splendid+seat+of+the+earl+of+kingston%22&pg=PA373|access-date=17 October 2009))</ref> and became the 'fashion statement' of its time. It inspired other major Irish castles, such as [[Strancally Castle]] (County Waterford) and [[Dromoland Castle]] for [[Lord Inchiquin]].

The 100,000-acre Mitchelstown estate ran into considerable financial difficulties, which, after the [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Famine]] of 1845–51, forced its owners to sell ((convert|70000|acre|km2)) in the [[Landed Estates Court]].((citation needed|date=April 2016)) Further difficulties arose as a result of internal family squabbling, legal disputes and the [[Land War]] of the 1880s, in which the estate played a prominent part.((citation needed|date=April 2016))

==20th century==
((one source|section|date=April 2016))
In June 1922, the castle was forcibly occupied by the [[Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)|Irish Republican Army]]. Then owner, William Downes Webber (second husband of Anna, Dowager Countess of Kingston), his relatives and servants were 'evicted' to houses in nearby King Square. Over the next few weeks the castle was held by republicans, who appeared to be preparing it for some kind of siege. However, in early August, the contents of the building were stolen by some republicans, including paintings by [[Thomas Gainsborough]] and [[William Beechey]], as well as silver, furniture, wall hangings, and mantlepieces.

On 12 August 1922, Mitchelstown Castle was burned on the orders of a local republican leader, P. J. Luddy, whose father and grandfather had been middlemen on the Kingston estate. At the same time, the military barracks at [[Fermoy]], [[Mallow, County Cork|Mallow]], Mitchelstown and [[Kilworth]] were burned, as well as the military hospital in Fermoy, Mitchelstown workhouse, Mitchelstown RIC barracks and the railway viaduct in Mallow.

Afterwards, William Downes Webber sought compensation from the Irish Free State totalling £149,000 for rebuilding and £18,000 for contents. He intended to rebuild if sufficient compensation was provided. After his death in 1924, Colonel W.A. King-Harman pursued the claim in the Irish courts. Judge Kenny, in the Irish High Court in 1926, stated that the destruction of Mitchelstown Castle had been an act of wanton destruction which had no military purpose. He awarded £27,500 for the building and the entire £18,000 requested for the contents. Most of this was used to build replacement properties in Dublin as King-Harman decided that the award was too small a sum to rebuild the castle.

The stones of Mitchelstown Castle were subsequently sold to the [[Cistercian]] monks of [[Mount Melleray Abbey]], County Waterford, who used them to build a new abbey.<ref>((cite book|last= Leland|first=Mary|title=The lie of the land: journeys through literary Cork|publisher=Cork University Press|date=1999|pages=164|isbn=978-1-85918-231-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PL1YhI3Rp1cC&dq=%22the+great+castle+of+mitchelstown+was+burned+down%22&pg=PA164|access-date=18 October 2009))</ref>

In the 1940s, [[Mitchelstown#Co-operative|Mitchelstown Co-operative Agricultural Society]] built a milk processing factory on the site of the castle, which it had purchased together with some of the demesne lands that surrounded it. The site is now owned by Dairygold Co-op.

==People==
The proto-feminist [[Mary Wollstonecraft]]<ref>((cite book|last=Johnson|first=Claudia L.|title=The Cambridge companion to Mary Wollstonecraft|editor= Claudia L .Johnson|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2002|series=Cambridge Collections Online|volume= Cambridge companions to literature|pages=18|isbn=978-0-521-78952-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zAIO6OMk8cIC&dq=%22mitchelstown+castle%22&pg=PA18|access-date=17 October 2009))</ref> was governess there to the children of the household, including [[Margaret King]], later Countess Mount Cashell, to whom [[Percy Bysshe Shelley]] dedicated his poem, ''A Sensitive Plant''.<ref>((Cite web|last=MacDonald|first=Sarah|date=3 December 2017|title=When Mary Shelley met Lady Margaret|url=https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/when-mary-shelley-met-lady-margaret-36368448.html|access-date=2022-08-09|website=The independent|language=en))</ref> Other notable members of the King family included [[Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough|Viscount Kingsborough]],  author of ''[[Antiquities of Mexico]]''.

Famous guests at Mitchelstown Castle included [[George Bernard Shaw]]((citation needed|date=April 2016)), [[Arthur Young (writer)|Arthur Young]]((citation needed|date=April 2016)), [[Elizabeth Bowen]]<ref>((cite book|last=Christensen|first=Lis|title=Elizabeth Bowen: the later fiction|publisher=Museum Tusculanum Press|date=2001|pages=31|isbn=978-87-7289-624-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tIQ_PT7c2oC&dq=%22mitchelstown+castle%22&pg=PA31|access-date=17 October 2009))</ref> and [[Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau]]((citation needed|date=April 2016)).

==References==
((Reflist))

==Sources==
* Bill Power. [https://www.amazon.com/White-Knights-Dark-Earls-Anglo-Irish/dp/1898256942 ''White Knights, Dark Earls: The Rise and Fall of an Anglo-Irish Dynasty'']. pub. Collins (2000)
* Bill Power, 'Another Side of Mitchelstown', Mitchelstown 2008.
* Bill Power, 'Images of Mitchelstown, stories and pictures from my own place,' pub. Mount Cashell Press, 2002.
* Anthony Lawrence King-Harman. [https://books.google.com/books?id=6sU6PQAACAAJ&dq=Anthony+Lawrence+King-Harman.+%27%27The+Kings+of+King+House ''The Kings of King House'']
* Janet Todd, [https://books.google.com/books?id=C5RnAAAAMAAJ&q=Janet+Todd.+%27%27Daughters+of+Ireland&dq=Janet+Todd.+%27%27Daughters+of+Ireland ''The Rebellious Kingsborough Sisters and the Making of a Modern Nation''] Ballantine (2005).
* Claire Tomalin. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1a0KGwAACAAJ&dq=Claire+Tomalin.+%27%27The+Life+and+Death+of+Mary+Wollstonecraft. ''The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft'']. (1992). This biography of Wollstonecraft, a former governess to the King family in the late 1780s, provides some general information about the house, mainly in footnotes.

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20130118111724/http://www.archiseek.com/content/showthread.php?t=6317 Postcard image of the castle at archiseek.com]
* [https://archive.today/20071118220832/http://www.heritageweek.ie/en/HomeSearchDetails.aspx?EventID=956 Heritage walk commemorating the Looting and Burning of Mitchelstown Castle]
* Stereoscope images of Mitchelstown Castle, [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/full-doc.html?query=clonmel&tab=&start=24&startPage=13&uri=https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/90700/691750872465AB57C478CA330B475438E64C05DC&view=table&pageId=bd  East]((dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )), [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/full-doc.html?query=clonmel&tab=&start=25&startPage=25&uri=https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/90700/2ACD0BA026D7CE57609609A7664EA5356D001BE7&view=table&pageId=bd South]((dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )) and [https://www.europeana.eu/portal/full-doc.html?query=clonmel&tab=&start=26&startPage=25&uri=https://www.europeana.eu/resolve/record/90700/94F77755AEF2AF0FBBF2059B3642A1F325568A92&view=table&pageId=bd North]((dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes )) from [[Europeana]]

[[Category:Castles in County Cork]]
[[Category:Mitchelstown]]

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