Mittelland Canal
Course of the Mittelland Canal
Specifications
Length	325.7 km (202 mi)
History
Construction began	1906
Date completed	1938
Geography
Start point	Dortmund-Ems Canal at Hörstel (near Rheine, Germany
End point	Elbe River and Elbe-Havel Canal near Magdeburg, Germany
Beginning coordinates	52°16′37″N 7°36′18″E / 52.27694°N 7.60500°E / 52.27694; 7.60500
Ending coordinates	52°14′46″N 11°44′49″E / 52.24611°N 11.74694°E / 52.24611; 11.74694

52°25′16″N 9°42′4″E / 52.42111°N 9.70111°E / 52.42111; 9.70111

The Mittelland Canal, also known as the Midland Canal, (German: Mittellandkanal, German: [ˈmɪtl̩.lant.kaˌnaːl] ^ⓘ) is a major canal in central Germany. It forms an important link in the waterway network of the country, providing the principal east-west inland waterway connection. Its significance goes beyond Germany as it links France, Switzerland and the Benelux countries with Poland, the Czech Republic and the Baltic Sea.^[1]

At 325.7 kilometres (202.4 mi) in length,^[2] the Mittelland Canal is the longest artificial waterway in Germany.

Route

The Mittelland Canal branches off the Dortmund-Ems Canal^[2] at Hörstel (near Rheine, at 52°16′37″N 7°36′18″E / 52.27694°N 7.60500°E / 52.27694; 7.60500), runs north along the Teutoburg Forest, past Hanover and meets with the Elbe River near Magdeburg (52°14′46″N 11°44′49″E / 52.24611°N 11.74694°E / 52.24611; 11.74694). Near Magdeburg it connects to the Elbe-Havel Canal,^[2] making a continuous shipping route to Berlin and on to Poland.^[1]

At Minden the canal crosses the river Weser over two aqueducts (completed in 1914 and 1998, respectively), and near Magdeburg it crosses the Elbe, also with an aqueduct. Connections by side canals exist at Ibbenbüren, Osnabrück, Minden (two canals connecting to the Weser), Hanover-Linden, Hanover-Misburg, Hildesheim and Salzgitter.^[2] West of Wolfsburg, the Elbe Lateral Canal branches off, providing a connection to Hamburg, and (via the Elbe-Lübeck Canal) to the Baltic Sea.

History

Construction of the Mittelland Canal was started in 1906, starting from Bergeshövede (municipality Hörstel) on the Dortmund-Ems Canal. The section to Minden on the Weser was opened in February 1915 and was initially named Ems-Weser-Kanal. The section from Minden to Hanover was finished in the autumn of 1916. The section to Sehnde and the branch canal to Hildesheim were completed in 1928, Peine was reached in 1929, and Braunschweig in 1933. The final section to Magdeburg was opened in 1938, thus creating a direct link between Western and Eastern Germany. The branch canal to Salzgitter was opened in 1941. The planned canal bridge over the Elbe, necessary to avoid low water conditions in summer, was not built due to the Second World War.^[3]

After partitioning of Germany following the Second World War, the Mittelland Canal was split between West Germany and East Germany, with the border to the east of Wolfsburg. To provide access from the western section of the canal to Hamburg and Northern Germany, avoiding both East Germany and the Elbe River's sometimes limited navigability, the Elbe Lateral Canal was opened in 1977.

After the reunification of Germany, the importance of the Mittelland Canal as a link from the west to Berlin and the east was reinforced. The project to bridge the Elbe was therefore restarted, and the resulting Magdeburg Water Bridge opened in 2003, providing a direct link to the Elbe-Havel Canal. There are further plans to connect the channel to the Twentekanaal in the Netherlands to shorten the connection towards the Port of Rotterdam.^[4]