Mkrtchyan or Mkrtchian (Armenian: Վարազդատի) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aghvan Mkrtchyan (born 1981), Armenian football defender
• Armen Mkrtchyan (born 1973), Armenian wrestler
• Arthur Mkrtchyan (born 1973), retired Armenian football defender
• Artur Mkrtchyan (1959–1992), the First Chairman of Supreme Council of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
• Hovhannes Mkrtchyan (born 1991), Armenian figure skater
• Karlen Mkrtchyan (born 1988), Armenian football midfielder
• Levon Mkrtchyan (born 1953), Armenian director known for documentaries
• Lilit Mkrtchian (born 1982), Armenian grandmaster and four-time Armenian Women's champion
• Frunzik (Mher) Mkrtchyan (1930–1993), Soviet Armenian actor, named a People's Artist of the Soviet Union in 1984
• Samvel Mkrtchyan (1959–2014), Armenian translator, editor and writer
• Susanna Mkrtchyan (born 1949), Armenian professor and founder of Wikimedia Armenia