Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) is a publicschool district that serves Montgomery County, Maryland. With 210 schools, it is the largest school district in the state of Maryland.[1][3] For the 2022–23 school year, the district had about 160,554 students taught by about 13,994 teachers, 86.4 percent of whom had a master's degree or equivalent.[1] MCPS receives nearly half of the county's budget—47% in 2023.[4]
As of February 2024, the acting superintendent of schools is Brian Hull, the district’s chief operating officer.[5] The board of education includes a student member, elected by all secondary students, who votes on all issues except punishment for individuals; in 2023–24, the student board member is Sami Saeed.[6]
Only private schools existed in Montgomery County until 1860, when the public school district was established for white children. The outbreak of the Civil War the following year brought raids by both Union and Confederate forces on local schools, which ultimately closed from 1862 until 1864.[8]
In 1892, the county opened its first high school, Rockville High School, which graduated its first class of 12 seniors graduated in 1897.[10] (In 1927, Rockville Colored High School would open, after which the older whites-only school changed its name to Richard Montgomery High School.[11]) A second high school, Gaithersburg High School, was established in 1904.
In the 1900s, the school budget started to see the effects of suburbanization. In 1908, there were 6,483 students and a budget of $76,000. The school system saw more growth in 1912 after the United States Congress passed a "non-resident" law that excluded Montgomery County school children from enrolling in Washington, D.C. schools, which were known for their higher quality. By 1921, the school budget had grown to more than $316,000.[9]
The county's first Board of Education was named by legislative enactments in 1917; the first board consisted of nine men.[12] A woman was appointed to the board in 1920: Mrs. A. Dawson Trumble, who served a five-year term that led to a steady succession of female members.[12]
Edwin W. Broome, superintendent during 1916–1953, combined one-room schoolhouses into multi-room operations at the beginning of his tenure, reducing the number of schools from 108 to 66 by 1949. At that point, school enrollment was over 22,000. When Broome took the job, there were five high schools, all in the northern portion of the county. He built two secondary schools for Silver Spring and two for Bethesda, and also pushed high schools to add the 12th grade.[8] In 1936, Broome and his board agreed to equalize teacher pay regardless of race in response to a lawsuit brought by William B. Gibbs Jr. and the NAACP.[13]
In 1961, the school system had 85,000 students and a $70 million budget, having become the largest system in the Washington suburbs.[8]
Before 1961, separate schools were maintained for black children. At that time, Rockville's George Washington Carver High School students were rezoned to the previously all-white schools across the county.[19]
MCPS saw enrollment numbers peak in 1972 when they reached 127,912. However, enrollment decreased over the next ten years, hitting a low of 91,030 in 1983. This prompted the closure of 60 schools.[20][21] However, with more than 96,000 students and 13,000 staff members in 155 schools in 1986, the school system was still one of the 20 largest in the nation.[9] Enrollment was over 100,000 by 1990.[8]
Dr. Paul L. Vance became the county's first black superintendent in 1991 when there were 107,000 students and 174 schools. When he left in 1999, MCPS had 129,000 students in 185 schools. Over the next ten years, enrollment grew to more than 150,000.[8]
In 2014, the board modified the school calendar to remove all references to the Christian and Jewish religious holidays of Christmas, Easter, Yom Kippur, and Rosh Hashanah. The amendment was in response to a campaign by the initiative "Equality for Eid" (E4E), which sought for Montgomery County Public School closures on the Muslim holidays of Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.[22][23][24]
The amendment received some media attention.[25][26] Criticism of the amendment came from a variety of sources, including Montgomery County Executive Isiah Leggett and CongressmanJohn Delaney.[27]
For the 2022–2023 school year, the district has 210 schools and an enrollment of 160,554 students.[28]
On February 2, 2024, Monifa McKnight, the first black woman to serve as superintendent of Montgomery County schools,[29] resigned under pressure from the school board "amid questions about how the district handled sexual harassment, bullying and other allegations involving a former principal," as the Washington Post put it.[30]
Governance and budget
MCPS funding comes mostly from Montgomery County (66%) and the State of Maryland (27%), with additional funds from federal government grants (3%), enterprise funds (3%), and other sources (1%).[31]
MCPS, which covers the entire county as its school district,[32] is governed by a board of education that sets goals, establishes policies, and allocates resources.[33]
In 1977, the Maryland General Assembly amended Section 3-901 of the Education Article of the Annotated Code of the Public General Laws of Maryland to create a seat for a student on the eight-member board of education with a one-year term.[34][35][36] From 1978 until 1982, a small representative assembly of students selected the student member.[35] The first was David Naimon, who served during the 1978–1979 school year.[37][36] Traci Williams, who served during the 1980–1981 school year, was the first African American to serve as a student member.[36][38] After Williams died in December 2008, the MCPS board released a declaration recognizing her effect on the county.[39]
Since 1982, the student member has been directly elected by vote of all MCPS secondary students (i.e., those in middle and high schools).[35] Kurt Hirsch, the first student member directly elected by secondary students, served during the 1982–1983 school year.[35][36] During the 1989 session of the Maryland General Assembly, Section 3-901 was again amended and established a limited vote for the student member.[35] In 1995, Charles McCullough was the first African American to be directly elected as a student member of the board, serving during the 1995–1996 school year.[35][36][40][41]
Since 2016, the student member has had full voting rights, except for votes to punish individuals.[37][42] The student member of the board serves one year and can vote on matters related to collective bargaining, capital and operating budgets, and school closings, re–openings, and boundaries. The student member of the board receives a $5,000 college scholarship, student service learning hours, and one honors-level social studies credit.[42][43]
The Board of Education student member for the 2023–2024 school year is Sami Saeed, a senior at Richard Montgomery High School. Saeed was elected by 70 percent of the nearly 56,000 students who voted.[44] He was sworn in on July 11, 2023.[45]
The MCPS student population has continued to grow over the years. The district saw a record enrollment of 160,564 students at the start of the 2022–2023 school year.[47] MCPS serves a diverse student body, with 32.8% Hispanic, 25.8% White, 21.8% Black, 14.3% Asian, .1% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, and 5.0% two or more races.[48]
Graduates from the class of 2018 earned $364 million in college scholarships, an increase of more than $14 million over the previous year.[49]
The class of 2017 outperformed their peers in the state of Maryland, and the nation as a whole, on Advanced Placement (AP) exams, based on AP Cohort Results released by the College Board. In 2017, more than 7,000 MCPS graduates (66%) took one or more AP exams. The percentage of students receiving a college-ready score of 3 or higher on at least one exam rose to 52%, higher than the 31% of the public school graduates in Maryland and 23% of the national graduates.[50]
The total number of AP tests taken declined from 41,048 in 2019 to 31,750 in 2021. Passing scores increased from 71.5% in 2019 to 75.1% in 2020; however, they declined again in 2021 to 68.1%.[51]
Academics
MCPS has established certain criteria for students to graduate high school. Students must achieve 22 credits to graduate, with each semester course worth 0.5 credits.[52] The necessary credits include, among others, the following requirements for the class of 2025:[53]
4 credits — English.
4 credits — Math: At least 1 Algebra and 1 Geometry.
3 credits — Science: At least 1 Life science (e.g., Biology) and 1 Physical science.
3 credits — Social studies: 1 credit each of Government, U.S. history, and World history.
1 credit — Technology: Students can choose among Computer Science, Engineering, or other technology-related courses.
Other credit requirements include: Physical Education, Health Education, Fine arts, and Electives.
In addition to these credit requirements, other requirements for graduation include four years of enrollment, student service learning, and assessments.[53]
During the 2017–2018 school year, the district launched data dashboards to focus on learning, accountability, and results. Continuous monitoring of students' progress ensures that students have timely support, focused interventions, acceleration, and enrichment. Readiness data helps the district to monitor students' progress and plan accordingly.[54]
The district has emphasized preparing students for both college and career. In April 2018, the College Board and Project Lead the Way awarded more than 3,000 students in the U.S. for their accomplishments in the 2016–2017 school year. Compared to other school districts, MCPS had the most students who'd earned the AP + PLTW Student Achievements, followed by districts in Illinois and Texas, and its neighboring Howard County Public School System in Maryland. Wheaton High School, which focuses on project-based learning, had the second-most students with the achievement, behind Adlai E. Stevenson High School in Illinois.[55]
Every high school offers courses linked to a variety of careers. A program implemented at Magruder High School during the 2018–2019 school year allows students to get a head start on careers in aviation.[56]
In May 2018, students from Northwest High School were the first in the district to graduate with a two-year degree in general engineering from Montgomery College as well as a high school diploma.[57] In May 2018, five Northwood High School students were the first MCPS students to complete the Middle College Program at their school, which allowed them to earn an associate degree from Montgomery College as well as a high school diploma.[58]
MCPS is one of the few school districts in the nation that offers comprehensive services at the elementary, middle, and high school levels for twice-exceptional students. Twice-exceptional students have a unique profile of significant strengths and weaknesses – they are gifted and talented and also meet the criteria for an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or a Section 504 plan. Twice-exceptional students access accelerated and enriched instruction with appropriate support and services at their local school, a magnet/choice program, or a special education discrete service.[59]
MCPS consists of 211 schools: 137 elementary schools, 40 middle schools, 27 high schools, 5 special schools, 1 early childhood learning center, and 1 alternative education program.[1]
MCPS publishes school data annually. Its "Schools at a Glance" document provides information about enrollment, staffing, facilities, programs, outcome measures, and personnel costs for each school.[61]
The district has 39 National Blue Ribbon Schools, a designation that recognizes public and private schools based on their overall academic excellence or their progress in closing achievement gaps among student subgroups.[62]
The school system piloted an extended school year at two elementary schools – Arcola and Roscoe Nix elementary schools – during the 2018–2019 school year.[63] The plan aims to help economically disadvantaged students, who lose the most ground during long summer breaks. As of 2022, the program is still in effect at these schools. The school began July 6 for the 2022–2023 school year, giving students an additional 30 days of school. The county says this extended schedule provides students interactive learning and social/emotional growth.[64]
^ abcdefOffutt, William (Spring 2016). "The Superintendents of Our Schools". The Montgomery County Story. Vol. 59. The Montgomery County Historical Society.
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