Part of the Moroccan diaspora
Moroccans in Spain (Arabic: المغاربة في إسبانيا; Spanish: Marroquíes en España) formed 16.4% of the 4,549,858 foreigners in Spain as of 1 January 2017.[4] They are again the largest foreign group in Spain, after they were surpassed temporarily by Romanians in 2007.[5][6][7] In 2003, they were estimated to make up about 6% of all Moroccans abroad.[8]
In 2022 the number of Morrocans increase to 981,823[9][10]
Migration history
Before 1985, Moroccans did not require visas to enter Spain. Many young came for seasonal or short-term work in agriculture and industry, coming and going from Spain without settling there. A new visa law implemented that year, La Ley de Extranjeria, was quite restrictive, and did not provide for permanent residence permits.[11] In 1989, the Asociación de Trabajadores Inmigrantes Marroquíes en España was formed by a group of Moroccan workers to defend their working rights. As late as 1992, official statistics showed only 16,665 Moroccans residing in Spain (of whom 14,998 lived in peninsular Spain).[12] In the following years, many Moroccans came to occupy jobs in the agricultural, hospitality, construction, and service sectors.[3] By 2000, their population had increased to 201,182 individuals. Along with the growing numbers of migrants, their composition also shifted, with a higher proportion of women among them.[13]
2000 also marked a significant shift in Spanish immigration laws; Law 4/2000 passed that year created mechanisms for family reunification, regularisation of illegal migrants, and acquisition of permanent residency.[14] By 2008, official statistics showed 752,695 legal Moroccan residents of Spain.[7] Beginning in September that year, Spanish authorities offered payments to unemployed immigrants if they agreed to cancel their residency and leave the country. With official statistics showing 82,262 unemployed Moroccans in Spain, there were expected to be many who would take advantage of the payments.[15] However, according to provisional figures, the Moroccan population of Spain continued to grow during the year, and had reached 858,000 by the beginning of 2011, 8.8% higher than the 2008 total.[7][16]
From 2000 to 2016, 211,709 Moroccans were naturalised as Spanish nationals. In the period 2010–2015 alone, 127,474 gained nationality.[17] In the 2015–16 school year, 174,774 Moroccans were in Spanish schools, indicating the young age profile of the population.[17]
As of 2018, Catalonia was the autonomous community with the most Moroccans, 209,920. The Region of Murcia had the second most, 79,482.[17]
Radicalization
Of the 235 jihadists arrested or killed in Spain between 2013–2017, around 46% were of Moroccan descent. 53% were born in Morocco, predominantly the Rif region.[18]
