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((Short description|Uprising during the 1905 Russian Revolution))
((Multiple issues|
((more citations needed|date=July 2009))
((tone|date=July 2009))
))
((Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Moscow uprising of 1905
| partof            = the [[1905 Russian Revolution]]
| image             = The Russian Revolution, 1905 Q81555.jpg
| image_size        = 300px
| caption           = 
| date              = 7–18 December 1905
| place             = [[Moscow]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]]
| result            = Government victory
| combatant1        = ((flag|Russian Empire))
*[[Moscow Police]]
*[[Semyonovsky Regiment]]
| combatant2        = ((flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg)) Revolutionaries
* [[Socialist Revolutionary Party|SRs]]
* [[Mensheviks]]
* [[Bolsheviks]]
* Worker Militias
| commander1        = [[Fyodor Dubasov]]<br />[[Vladimir Dzhunkovsky]]
| commander2        = ((ill|Zinovy Litvin-Sedoy|ru|Litvin-Sedoy, Zinovy Yakovlevich))
| strength1         = Unknown
| strength2         = Unknown
| casualties1       = 35 killed
| casualties2       = 1059 killed
| campaignbox       = ((Campaignbox 1905 Russian Revolution))
))

The '''Moscow uprising''', centered in Moscow's [[Presnensky District|Presnensky]] district between 7 and 18 December 1905, was the climax of the [[1905 Russian Revolution|Russian Revolution of 1905]]. Thousands of workers joined an armed rebellion against the imperial government fighting for better societal conditions. The uprising ended in defeat for the revolutionaries and provoked a swift [[counter-revolution]] that lasted until 1907. The [[1905 Russian Revolution|revolution of 1905]] was a turning point in Russian history, and the [[Moscow]] uprising played an important role in fostering revolutionary sentiment among [[Russian Empire|Russian]] workers.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.aha.ru/~mausoleu/documents/moscow_1.htm|title=Revolutionary history. Moscow|website=aha.ru|access-date=2019-05-09))</ref> The Moscow revolutionaries gained experience during the [[uprising]] that helped them succeed years later in the [[October Revolution]] of 1917.<ref>((Cite web |title=October Revolution |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/october-revolution |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=education.nationalgeographic.org |language=en))</ref>

== Background ==
Most left-wing revolutionaries viewed the [[October Manifesto]] as an attempt by Tsar [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] to separate the middle and upper classes from the workers and peasants, whose social and political demands remained unanswered. Socialists continued to encourage revolutionary movements.<ref>((Cite web |last=alphahis |date=2019-07-26 |title=The October Manifesto |url=https://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/october-manifesto/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Russian Revolution |language=en-AU))</ref>

After months of delay, [[Lenin]] returned to [[Saint Petersburg]] from [[Geneva]] on ((OldStyleDateNY|21 November|8 November)). He immediately called for an armed uprising, indifferent to whether or not it succeeded:<ref>((cite book|last=Figes|first=Orlando|author-link=Orlando Figes|year=1996|title=[[A People's Tragedy|A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924]]|place=London|publisher=Jonathan Cape|page=199|isbn=0-224-04162-2))</ref>

((Blockquote|text="Victory?!...That for us is not the point at all...We should not harbour any illusions, we are realists, and let no-one imagine that we have to win. For that we are still too weak. The point is not about victory but about giving the regime a shake and attracting the masses to the movement. That is the whole point. And to say that because we cannot win we should not stage an insurrection-that is simply the talk of cowards."))

The final provocation for the uprising was the arrest of the [[Saint Petersburg Soviet]] on 3 December.

Nicholas II's government knew an uprising was brewing and allowed it to come to fruition as a justification to crush the revolutionaries. The Tsar wrote to his mother: "Although the events in Moscow are very distressing and cause me much pain, it seems to me that they are for the best."<ref>((cite journal|editor-last=Pipes|editor-first=Richard|editor-link=Richard Pipes|title=The Russian Intelligentsia|journal=Nature|year=1960|volume=188|issue=4746|page=37|doi=10.1038/188190c0|bibcode=1960Natur.188S.190.|s2cid=37856005))</ref>

== Revolt ==
On 3 December, about 150 representatives of Moscow's worker squads gathered at Fidler's technical school, which served as the worker's ministry of war. Despite the besieged group having a [[white flag]], troops continued to shell the building from the afternoon of 3 December until the early morning of 4 December. The shelling resulted in most workers' deaths. The people of Moscow planned a strike on 5 December and called a general strike on 7 December. The strike remained peaceful until 9 December.

Four [[Soviets]] of Workers' Deputies coordinated the uprising. The governor of Moscow, Vice Admiral [[Fyodor Dubasov]], tried to arrest the ringleaders, which provoked a citywide uprising. The revolt was based in [[Maxim Gorky]]'s apartment—bombs were made in the study and food for the revolutionaries in the kitchen. Gorky disliked the Bolsheviks' dogmatic collectivism but saw them as allies against backward peasants and the Tsar.((citation needed|date=April 2021)) The Joint Council of Volunteer Fighting Squads armed the workers with 800 stockpiled weapons. They constructed barricades from whatever they could find, including overturned trams. 2,000 men held the barricades with 200 guns. The police tried to dismantle them but failed. Students and even some [[bourgeois]] who were angered at the government's violence joined the workers.

On 10 December, the Socialist Revolutionaries bombed the Moscow headquarters for the [[Okhrana]], the police force of the Russian Empire, at night.

December 11: The Bolsheviks issued a handbook on street fighting. The military wing of the Moscow Committee of the Social-Democratic Workers' Party sent out a pamphlet to its members during the uprising: "Comrades, our top-priority task is to hand power in the city over to the people. In the section we have seized we'll establish an elected government and introduce the [[eight-hour day|8-hour work day]]. We shall prove that under our government the rights and freedoms of everyone will be protected better than they are now."((citation needed|date=May 2023))

December 12: Six out of seven railway stations and many districts were under revolutionary control. Fifty officers were seized as they arrived by train. Troops and artillery were hemmed in the squares and [[Kremlin]].

December 15: The head of the Moscow Okhrana was assassinated.<ref>((cite web|title=(3) Oct-Dec.1905: The Crisis of the Revolution – Russian Chronology, 1904-1914|url=http://cnparm.home.texas.net/Nat/Rus/Rus03.htm|website=cnparm.home.texas.net|access-date=2019-05-09))</ref> The Moscow Soviet held its last meeting. The [[Semyonovsky Regiment]] of the Imperial Guard arrived in Moscow by rail from Saint Petersburg to reinforce the local garrison.

December 17: [[Presnensky District|Presnia district]] was shelled.

December 18: General Min, commander of the Semyonovsky Regiment, ordered the last assault: "Act without mercy. There will be no arrests."

December 19: The Moscow Committee of Social-Democratic Workers' Party ordered its comrades back to work.((citation needed|date=May 2023)) [[Presnensky District|Presnensky]] commander [[Litvin-Sedoy]], issued a last announcement: "We are ending our struggle… we are alone in this world. All the people are looking at us — some with horror, others with deep sympathy. Blood, violence and death will follow in our footsteps. But it does not matter. The working class will win."((citation needed|date=May 2023))

== Analysis ==
Following the proclamation of the [[October Manifesto]] and the end of the [[Russo-Japanese war|Russo-Japanese War]] there was limited hope for a socialist revolution, but the rebels in Moscow could have taken the Kremlin.<ref>((cite book|last=Figes|first=Orlando|title=A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891–1924|page=200))</ref> They failed because each rebel area looked after its own and did not consider the city as a whole. The main rebel district was [[Presnensky District|Presnensky]], home to 150,000 citizens, mainly textile workers. It organized its own police instead of attacking the Kremlin. Another key failure was that the [[Moscow Leningradsky railway station|Nikolayevsky railway station]] remained in government hands.<ref>((cite book|last=Gilbert|first=Martin |author-link=Martin Gilbert|chapter=The Moscow Uprising 1905|title=The Routledge Atlas of Russian History|series=Routledge Historical Atlases |publisher=Routledge|year= 2007|edition=4th|page=77 |isbn=978-0-415-39483-3))</ref> This allowed the Semyonovsky Regiment to arrive from St. Petersburg on 15 December and destroy the uprising. The Moscow garrison remained unused due to the government's fear of a mutiny.<ref>((cite book|last=Rappaport|first=Helen|author-link=Helen Rappaport|year=2010|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qc71HUsrdwgC&pg=PA123|chapter=Chapter Eight: ‘On the Eve of Barricades’|title=Conspirator: Lenin in Exile|place=London|publisher=Windmill Books|page=123|isbn=978-0-099-53723-6))</ref> 

35 soldiers were killed,<ref>((cite book|last=Woods|first=Alan|author-link=Alan Woods (political theorist)|chapter-url=http://www.marxist.com/bolshevism-old/part2-5.html|chapter=The Moscow Uprising|title=Bolshevism: The Road to Revolution|year=1999|place=London|publisher=Wellred Publications|isbn=1-9000-07-05-3|pages=238–248|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109015054/http://www.marxist.com/bolshevism-old/part2-5.html|archive-date=2016-11-09))</ref> while 1,059 rebels were killed, including 137 women and 86 children.<ref>((Cite web |title=Декабрьское вооружённое восстание — Энциклопедия «Москва» 1980 |url=https://mos80.com/d/davidenko_dokukin/vosstanie1905.html?ysclid=lg19traywx644119321 |access-date=2023-04-03 |website=mos80.com))</ref>

Less than a year later, on 13 August 1906, General Min was assassinated by Socialist Revolutionaries.

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
T. Shanin, Russia, 1905-1907: Revolution as a moment of truth, Two Volumes, Macmillan Press, 1986

==External links==
* [http://lesmaterialistes.com/english/lenin-lessons-moscow-uprising-1906 Vladimir Lenin: Lessons of the Moscow Uprising]

((DEFAULTSORT:Moscow Uprising Of 1905))
[[Category:1905 in the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:1905 riots]]
[[Category:1905 Russian Revolution]]
[[Category:1900s in Moscow]]
[[Category:December 1905 events]]
[[Category:Moscow Governorate]]
[[Category:Moscow rebellions]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Russia]]
[[Category:1905 protests]]

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